Global Pre-int Units 9-10

Health & Fitness\n\nPart 1\n\nListening\n\n1 Read the quote about the common cold. What advice would you give to someone with a cold?\n\nIt’s the most common illness in the whole world.\nThere is not one single cure,\nbut people have their own ideas about how to deal with\nthe common cold.\n\n2 2.65 Listen to different people answering the same question. Number the pictures above in the order that you hear them.\n\n3 Choose one of the verbs in the box.\nListen and make some notes on the advice you hear with that verb.\n\nbreathe drink set stay wash\n\n4 Compare your notes with a partner. Then check the audioscript on page 157.\n\nGrammar\n\nYou should eat garlic.\nYou shouldn’t do any exercise.\nYou really ought to wash your hands regularly.\nYou must stay in bed.\n\n1 Use the pictures and your own ideas to give advice to someone with a cold.\n\nI think you should...\nI don’t think you should...\n\n2 Work in pairs and swap your nice notes.\nWrite a short reply and give the person some advice.\n\nUseful language\n\n• I’m sorry but I can’t ...\n• I’m sorry but I won’t be able to ...\n• I’m not feeling very well.\n• I’ve got ...\n• Sorry to hear that you’re not feeling well.\n• Don’t worry, we / you can ...\n• Get better soon. Health & Fitness\n\nPart 2\n\nVocabulary\n\n1 Complete the questions with the correct form of the verbs.\n\nHave you ever ...\n• an operation?\n• in a hospital overnight?\n• a bone?\n\nbreak have stay\n\nDo you ...\n• a check up with your doctor?\n• the dentist? How often?\n• any pills?\n\ngo take visit\n\nAre you afraid of ...\n• infections?\n• to hospital?\n\nbecome go have\n\n2 Choose one question from each box. Work in pairs and ask each other the questions.\n\nPronunciation\n\n1 Put these words into groups with the same number of syllables. Then mark the stressed syllable.\n\nalcohol Arabic hospital medical operation originally pharmacy preservation translation\n\n2 2.66 Listen and follow Arab influences or medicine to check your answers. What do you notice about the last syllable of the words?\n\n3 2.67 Listen and repeat the words from exercise 1.\n\nReading\n\n1 The words in the box are from a text called Milestones of modern medicine. Check you understand what they mean.\n\nanaesthesia antibiotics disease DNA vaccines\n\n2 What do you think the text is about? Choose one answer.\n• important discoveries in medicine\n• the most serious diseases in medicine\n• a competition between doctors\n\n3 2.68 Read and listen to the text on page 165 and check your prediction.\n\n4 Read the text again and complete the sentences with the names of the milestones.\n\n1 __________ helped identify many diseases.\n2 __________ reduced deaths from dirty water.\n3 __________ reduced deaths by infection.\n4 __________ helped doctors with operations.\n5 __________ was invented to treat rabies.\n6 __________ were discovered by accident.\n\n5 The British Medical Journal asked doctors to vote for the most important milestone. Which do you think won? Speaking and Listening\n\n1 Work in pairs and ask each other the questions.\n\n• How often do you get a cold?\n• Have you had a cold yet this year?\n• Do you ever take time off work or school with a cold?\n\n2 Try to complete the information about the common cold with the numbers in the box. There are two numbers you don’t need.\n\n2-4 48 hours 2 months 2-5 50\n200+ 2-3 years $3.5 billion 6-10\n\nin numbers...\n\nthe common cold \nthe number of viruses that cause the common cold\n\n3 2.61 Listen and check your answers.\n\nVocabulary\n\n1 Complete the sentences with the correct word.\n\n1 What’s / How’s the matter?\n2 I feel / have tired.\n3 I’ve got / had a headache.\n4 I’ve got a bad / sore throat.\n5 My back hurts / is hurt.\n6 I have a blocked / blocking nose.\n7 I’m / I've always sneezing.\n\nLanguage note: when you talk about feeling it you can use / have or / I've got.\n\nPronunciation\n\n1 2.62 Listen to the groups of words. Which word has a different o: or ɔg sound?\n1 cheap children choose machine\n2 character catch technique headache\n3 tough enough cough\n\n2 Write the words from exercise 1 in the correct columns.\n\n// /k/ /tʃ/ /f/ silent\n\n3 2.63 Listen and repeat the sentences. Pay attention to the do and go sounds.\n\n1 I’ve had enough of this cough.\n2 I think I caught it from Charles.\n3 He’s had a headache for ages.\n\n4 2.64 Read and listen to the poem below. How many different pronunciations of cough are there?\n\nI take it you already know\nOf tough and cough and cough and cough.\nOthers may stumble but not you,\nFor you can clap them all, though and tough.\n\nA dreadful language? Why say, I’ve mastered it when it was five. Milestones of MODERN MEDICINE\nIn 2007 the British Medical Journal asked doctors and nurses from around the world what the most important discoveries in modern medicine were. Here are some of the finalists.\nAnaesthesia Before anaesthesia patients had to be swathed during operations. At the end of the 1800s, drugs were developed that stopped all pain. Operations became much easier for doctors and much safer for patients.\nAntibiotics In 1928 Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered that penicillin kills bacteria. This had an enormous impact on medicine. If antibiotics had not been discovered, countless lives would have been lost during World War II.\nDNA The structure of DNA was illustrated in 1953 by two scientists, James Watson and Francis Crick. This was a big step for genetics and Watson, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for this.\nThe discovery of DNA has helped to identify new diseases and has changed medicine.\nGerm theory Before 1867, doctors didn’t have to watch their hands before an operation. Most women in labour could die giving birth, as germs were rampant. The knowledge of germs has helped to avoid infections and reduce the mortality rate. By the end of the 20th century, a huge improvement had been made.\nSanitation As cities grew in the 1600s, so did pollution. Dirty water caused many diseases. This turned attention to water systems and sanitation was born. Clean water helped death rates fall by the beginning of the last century.\nVaccines Louis Pasteur created the first vaccine for rabies in 1885. Vaccines have saved millions of lives over the last century, and will continue to do so for years to come.\nHealth Unit 9 Unit 9 Health & Fitness\nPart 3\nVocabulary\n1 Look at pictures a-i. What sports do they go with?\n2 Look at the examples and complete the table with the names of sports from exercise 1.\nplay go\nsquash jogging aerobics yoga\n3 Read the clues. What sport is it?\nThis is a team sport. You play this sport outside. There are eleven players in the team. You have to pass the ball to other players with your foot. You have to kick the ball into the goal to get a point. You mustn’t touch the ball with your hands.\n4 Work in pairs. Choose a sport from this page and write some clues for it. Use the words in the box to help you.\ndive goal hit hole individual kick ride run throw wear\nUnit 9 Fitness\n Olympic\nThey are the world’s fittest people. But even Olympic athletes have had their share of difficult, heart-breaking or just plain embarrassing moments.\nShort cut – 1904 Olympics, St Louis, USA\nThe first Olympic marathon took place in 1900, and was supposed to take place in Paris. The marathon took place in 1904 but it was 400m short!\nA Helping hand – 1908 Olympics, London, England\nAn athlete from the United States, Johnny Hayes, was leading in the marathon at the 1908 Olympics when he stumbled. He was pushed over the finish line by his friends. He was awarded the gold medal. \nThe extra distance – 1952 Olympics, Helsinki, Finland\nTo make up for the short distance, the Olympic marathon in 1952 was just that much longer. In fact, it was 42 km instead of the original 40 km.\nA new Olympic record – 2000 Olympics, Sydney, Australia\nThe men’s event was a great spectacle with the backdrop of the world famous Harbour Bridge. This happened after the closing of the millennium.\nFitness Unit 8 9 Health & Fitness Part 4 Speaking A visit to the doctor Reading & Listening At the doctor's Grammar Reported statements Vocabulary Say, tell and ask Speaking Fitness questionnaire D = Doctor P = Patient Dr: Ah yes, Mr Cartwright. Please sit down. How are you feeling? P: I'm fine, thanks. D: I have the results of your tests. P: Oh good. D: Hm. P: What's the matter? D: Well, there's good news and bad news. Good news and bad news. P: Give me the bad news first. D: The bad news is, well, you aren't very fit. And you need to change your eating habits. Your eating habits. P: Do you mean a diet? D: I'm afraid so, Mr Cartwright. I'm afraid so. P: I see. D: You can't eat any more red meat. It's really not good for your heart. P: Oh. D: And salt. You also have to stop putting salt on your food. P: Er. No meat, no salt. D: That's right. The other thing is coffee. Do you drink coffee? P: Um, yes. Four or five cups a day actually. D: Yes, well, only one cup of coffee a day from now on. One cup of coffee. And no sugar in the coffee, either. P: Is that all? D: No. You also need to do some exercise. I have a daily exercise plan for you here. P: Every day? D: That's right, Mr Cartwright. Daily means every day. P: What's the good news doctor? D: The good news is that you are healthy enough to go back to work. You can start again tomorrow! P: Oh no... Grammar \"You are healthy,\" She said. \"I was healthy. You can eat some red meat.\" She said, I could eat some red meat. use reported speech to say what another person said present simple - past simple present continuous - past continuous present perfect - past perfect present perfect - past perfect other words such as pronouns can also change in reported speech 1 Change the sentences to direct speech. Then check your answers in the conversation on page 108. The doctor said she had the test results. 1 'I have the test results.' 2 'I said I was fine.' 3 'She told me that I wouldn't eat anymore.' 4 'She told me that I also needed to do some exercise.' 2 Change these sentences to reported speech. Then decide who said each one: the doctor or the patient. 'I've felt very ill for the last five days.' The patient said he had felt very ill for the last five days. 1 'You don't have a fever.' 2 'I've ordered some more tests.' 3 'I’m not feeling very well at the moment.' 4 'Going to work isn't a good idea.' 5 'I can't give you a sick note.' 6 'I have a bad headache.' G Grammar focus - explanation & more practice of reported statements on page 148 Vocabulary 1 Complete the story with say, tell or ask. I went to the doctor last week. He 'How did you get here?' him I didn't feel very well. He gave me some pills. First, he told me I should take one person with a glass of water when I got up. Then he 'Take these pills with a glass of water after lunch. Finally, no, that I should take a bowl of water before tea. I'm the doctor: What's the matter? He me that I wasn't drinking enough water. 2 2.71 Listen and check your answers. 3 Complete the rules with say, tell or ask. - always takes an object such as me, him, her, the people. - never takes an object. 9 Function globally describing illness Warm up Read the label. Find words or phrases with these meanings. 1 takes away pain for a short period of time (4 words) 2 a woman who is going to have a baby (1 word) 3 ask (1 word) 4 don't let children touch this (6 words) 5 might make you feel tired or sleepy (3 words) How to read a drug label Uses or indications tell you what to use the medicine for. This section tells you things you shouldn't do or take with the medicine. Active ingredient tells you what chemicals are in the medicine. Directions Adults and children 12 years and older: take two tablets every four to six hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 tablets in 24 hours. Listening 2.72 Listen to a conversation in a pharmacy. What is the man's problem? What does he buy? cough syrup tablets antibiotics Language focus: talking about illness Listen to the conversation again and complete the phrases with one or more words. 1 __________ for a sore throat. 2 __________ this syrup or these tablets. 3 __________ better? 4 __________ often? 5 __________ allergic to any of these? 6 __________ afraid __________ a prescription for that. 7 You __________ a doctor if... Speaking Work in pairs and choose one of the tasks below. A: you are visiting another country. You don't feel well. Think of your symptoms. B: you work in a pharmacy. Listen to A and suggest something for the problem. Sports commentary is very familiar these days but it only arrived with the start of radio and television broadcasting. The term sports announcer was first used in 1923, soon followed by sporting commentator in the UK and sportscaster in the US. The modern British term, sports commentator, dates from the 1930s.\n\nSports commentary sounds easy, but it’s difficult to do well, especially on radio, where a long silence can mean disaster. Detailed knowledge of the sport, keen observation skills, the ability to think on your feet, and above-average linguistic skills are essential. To make it easier, commentators can use tricks to define such formulas as formulas. In those rare cases there certain things that commentators always say at particular times such as they’re in... and to the straight from the... in a less for them to remember and it helps with fluency.\n\nEach sport has its own style, reflecting the atmosphere and momentum, from the wild excitement of (it’s a GO-OO-A-AL!) to the quiet tension of snooker. This distinctive grammar and vocabulary allows the listener to perceive a picture of the action as it unfolds, and both simple and continuous (he’s looking for a place to back the back...)...\n\nBut if you’re looking for new vocabulary, you’ll find from the keep-fit movement (to maintain your health and fitness, from the Sanskrit...), for example (this is one variation of an old idea used by Plato’s in this way: ‘the body of exercise - entertainment’) you’ll know about the many kinds of enjoyable exercise - gaming. The neologisms keep your mind intellectually fit too.\n\nWarm up\nRead the definition of sports commentator: Are there any well-known sports commentators in your country? What are they famous for?\n\nReading\n1 Read the text Sports English. Tick (✓) the topics that are mentioned. There are two topics you do not need.\n a different words for sport\n b sports commentary\n c style of speaking\n d winners and losers\n e English grammar\n f new vocabulary\n\n2 Read the text again and find examples of ...\n a something you need to be a good sports commentator.\n b a 'formulaic expression' that helps commentators sound more fluent.\n c examples of an incomplete sentence used in sports.\n d a 'keep-fit' sport.\n e a neologism.\n\nLanguage focus\n1 Look at the expressions in bold in the text. Answer the questions below.\n If you think on your feet, you ...\n a are a very quick thinker.\n b have good ideas and make decisions quickly.\n c get nervous in a difficult situation.\n 2 If we say something is the tip of the iceberg, it means ...\n a there is a lot more of it that you can't see.\n b there is only a little bit of it.\n c it is a very dangerous thing.