Tabela de Calores Específicos de Gases Ideais - Dados e Fórmulas

Appendix 1 911 TABLE A2 Idealgas specific heats of various common gases a At 300 K Gas constant R cp cv Gas Formula kJkg K kJkg K kJkg K k Air 02870 1005 0718 1400 Argon Ar 02081 05203 03122 1667 Butane C4H10 01433 17164 15734 1091 Carbon dioxide CO2 01889 0846 0657 1289 Carbon monoxide CO 02968 1040 0744 1400 Ethane C2H6 02765 17662 14897 1186 Ethylene C2H4 02964 15482 12518 1237 Helium He 20769 51926 31156 1667 Hydrogen H2 41240 14307 10183 1405 Methane CH4 05182 22537 17354 1299 Neon Ne 04119 10299 06179 1667 Nitrogen N2 02968 1039 0743 1400 Octane C8H18 00729 17113 16385 1044 Oxygen O2 02598 0918 0658 1395 Propane C3H8 01885 16794 14909 1126 Steam H2O 04615 18723 14108 1327 Note The unit kJkg K is equivalent to kJkg C Source Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3E by Kyle B G 2000 Adapted by permission of Pearson Education Inc Upper Saddle River NJ cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 911 TABLE A2 Idealgas specific heats of various common gases Continued b At various temperatures cp cv cp cv cp cv Temperature kJkg K kJkg K k kJkg K kJkg K k kJkg K kJkg K k K Air Carbon dioxide CO2 Carbon monoxide CO 250 1003 0716 1401 0791 0602 1314 1039 0743 1400 300 1005 0718 1400 0846 0657 1288 1040 0744 1399 350 1008 0721 1398 0895 0706 1268 1043 0746 1398 400 1013 0726 1395 0939 0750 1252 1047 0751 1395 450 1020 0733 1391 0978 0790 1239 1054 0757 1392 500 1029 0742 1387 1014 0825 1229 1063 0767 1387 550 1040 0753 1381 1046 0857 1220 1075 0778 1382 600 1051 0764 1376 1075 0886 1213 1087 0790 1376 650 1063 0776 1370 1102 0913 1207 1100 0803 1370 700 1075 0788 1364 1126 0937 1202 1113 0816 1364 750 1087 0800 1359 1148 0959 1197 1126 0829 1358 800 1099 0812 1354 1169 0980 1193 1139 0842 1353 900 1121 0834 1344 1204 1015 1186 1163 0866 1343 1000 1142 0855 1336 1234 1045 1181 1185 0888 1335 Hydrogen H2 Nitrogen N2 Oxygen O2 250 14051 9927 1416 1039 0742 1400 0913 0653 1398 300 14307 10183 1405 1039 0743 1400 0918 0658 1395 350 14427 10302 1400 1041 0744 1399 0928 0668 1389 400 14476 10352 1398 1044 0747 1397 0941 0681 1382 450 14501 10377 1398 1049 0752 1395 0956 0696 1373 500 14513 10389 1397 1056 0759 1391 0972 0712 1365 550 14530 10405 1396 1065 0768 1387 0988 0728 1358 600 14546 10422 1396 1075 0778 1382 1003 0743 1350 650 14571 10447 1395 1086 0789 1376 1017 0758 1343 700 14604 10480 1394 1098 0801 1371 1031 0771 1337 750 14645 10521 1392 1110 0813 1365 1043 0783 1332 800 14695 10570 1390 1121 0825 1360 1054 0794 1327 900 14822 10698 1385 1145 0849 1349 1074 0814 1319 1000 14983 10859 1380 1167 0870 1341 1090 0830 1313 Source Kenneth Wark Thermodynamics 4th ed New York McGrawHill 1983 p 783 Table A4M Originally published in Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases NBS Circular 564 1955 912 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 912 TABLE A3 Properties of common liquids solids and foods a Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm Freezing data Liquid properties Substance Normal boiling point C Latent heat of vaporization hfg kJkg Freezing point C Latent heat of fusion hf kJkg Temperature C Density ρ kgm3 Specific heat cp kJkg K Ammonia 333 1357 777 3224 333 682 443 20 665 452 0 639 460 25 602 480 Argon 1859 1616 1893 28 1856 1394 114 Benzene 802 394 55 126 20 879 172 Brine 20 sodium chloride by mass 1039 174 20 1150 311 nButane 05 3852 1385 803 05 601 231 Carbon dioxide 784 2305 at 0C 566 0 298 059 Ethanol 782 8383 1142 109 25 783 246 Ethyl alcohol 786 855 156 108 20 789 284 Ethylene glycol 1981 8001 108 1811 20 1109 284 Glycerine 1799 974 189 2006 20 1261 232 Helium 2689 228 2689 1462 228 Hydrogen 2528 4457 2592 595 2528 707 100 Isobutane 117 3671 160 1057 117 5938 228 Kerosene 204293 251 249 20 820 200 Mercury 3567 2947 389 114 25 13560 0139 Methane 1615 5104 1822 584 1615 423 349 100 301 579 Methanol 645 1100 977 992 25 787 255 Nitrogen 1958 1986 210 253 1958 809 206 160 596 297 Octane 1248 3063 575 1807 20 703 210 Oil light 25 910 180 Oxygen 183 2127 2188 137 183 1141 171 Petroleum 230384 20 640 20 Propane 421 4278 1877 800 421 581 225 0 529 253 50 449 313 Refrigerant134a 261 2170 966 50 1443 123 261 1374 127 0 1295 134 25 1207 143 Water 100 2257 00 3337 0 1000 422 25 997 418 50 988 418 75 975 419 100 958 422 Sublimation temperature At pressures below the triplepoint pressure of 518 kPa carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas Also the freezingpoint temperature of carbon dioxide is the triplepoint temperature of 565C TABLE A3 Properties of common liquids solids and foods Concluded b Solids values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise Substance Density ρ kgm3 Specific heat cp kJkg K Substance Density ρ kgm3 Specific heat cp kJkg K Metals Nonmetals Aluminum Asphalt 2110 0920 200 K 0797 Brick common 1922 079 250 K 0859 Brick fireclay 500C 2300 0960 300 K 2700 0902 Concrete 2300 0653 350 K 0929 Clay 1000 0920 400 K 0949 Diamond 2420 0616 450 K 0973 Glass window 2700 0800 500 K 0997 Glass pyrex 2230 0840 Bronze 76 Cu 2 Zn 2 Al 8280 0400 Graphite 2500 0711 Brass yellow 65 Cu 35 Zn 8310 0400 Granite 2700 1017 Copper Gypsum or plaster board 800 109 173C 0254 Ice 200 K 156 100C 0342 220 K 171 50C 0367 240 K 186 0C 0381 260 K 201 27C 8900 0386 273 K 921 211 100C 0393 Limestone 1650 0909 200C 0403 Marble 2600 0880 Iron 7840 045 Plywood Douglas Fir 545 121 Lead 11310 0128 Rubber soft 1100 1840 Magnesium 1730 1000 Rubber hard 1150 2009 Nickel 8890 0440 Sand 1520 0800 Silver 10470 0235 Stone 1500 0800 Steel mild 7830 0500 Woods hard maple oak etc 721 126 Tungsten 19400 0130 Woods soft fir pine etc 513 138 c Foods Food Water content mass Freezing point C Specific heat kJkg K Latent heat of fusion kJkg Above freezing Below freezing Food Water content mass Freezing point C Specific heat kJkg K Latent heat of fusion kJkg Apples 84 11 365 190 281 Lettuce 95 02 402 204 317 Bananas 75 08 335 178 251 Milk whole 88 06 379 195 294 Beef round 67 308 168 224 Oranges 87 08 375 194 291 Broccoli 90 06 386 197 301 Potatoes 78 06 345 182 261 Butter 16 104 53 Salmon fish 64 22 298 165 214 Cheese swiss 39 100 215 133 130 Shrimp 83 22 362 189 277 Cherries 80 18 352 185 267 Spinach 93 03 396 201 311 Chicken 74 28 332 177 247 Strawberries 90 08 386 197 301 Corn sweet 74 06 332 177 247 Tomatoes ripe 94 05 399 202 314 Eggs whole 74 06 332 177 247 Turkey 64 298 165 214 Ice cream 63 56 295 163 210 Watermelon 93 04 396 201 311 Source Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated Water content and freezingpoint data of foods are from ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals SI version Atlanta GA American Society of Heating Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers Inc 1993 Chapter 30 Table 1 Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables and the average freezing temperature for other foods TABLE A4 Saturated waterTemperature table Specific volume Internal energy Enthalpy Entropy m3kg kJkg kJkg kJkg K Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Temp press liquid vapor liquid Evap vapor liquid Evap vapor liquid Evap vapor T C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 001 06117 0001000 20600 0000 23749 23749 0001 25009 25009 00000 91556 91556 5 08725 0001000 14703 21019 23608 23818 21020 24891 25101 00763 89487 90249 10 12281 0001000 10632 42020 23466 23887 42022 24772 25192 01511 87488 88999 15 17057 0001001 77885 62980 23325 23955 62982 24654 25283 02245 85559 87803 20 23392 0001002 57762 83913 23184 24023 83915 24535 25374 02965 83696 86661 25 31698 0001003 43340 10483 23043 24091 10483 24417 25465 03672 81895 85567 30 42469 0001004 32879 12573 22902 24159 12574 24298 25556 04368 80152 84520 35 56291 0001006 25205 14663 22760 24227 14664 24179 25646 05051 78466 83517 40 73851 0001008 19515 16753 22619 24294 16753 24060 25735 05724 76832 82556 45 95953 0001010 15251 18843 22477 24361 18844 23940 25824 06386 75247 81633 50 12352 0001012 12026 20933 22334 24427 20934 23820 25913 07038 73710 80748 55 15763 0001015 95639 23024 22191 24493 23026 23698 26001 07680 72218 79898 60 19947 0001017 76670 25116 22047 24559 25118 23577 26088 08313 70769 79082 65 25043 0001020 61935 27209 21903 24624 27212 23454 26175 08937 69360 78296 70 31202 0001023 50396 29304 21758 24689 29307 23330 26261 09551 67989 77540 75 38597 0001026 41291 31399 21613 24753 31403 23206 26346 10158 66655 76812 80 47416 0001029 34053 33497 21466 24816 33502 23080 26430 10756 65355 76111 85 57868 0001032 28261 35596 21319 24878 35602 22953 26514 11346 64089 75435 90 70183 0001036 23593 37697 21170 24940 37704 22825 26596 11929 62853 74782 95 84609 0001040 19808 39800 21020 25001 39809 22696 26676 12504 61647 74151 100 10142 0001043 16720 41906 20870 25060 41917 22564 26756 13072 60470 73542 105 12090 0001047 14186 44015 20718 25119 44028 22431 26834 13634 59319 72952 110 14338 0001052 12094 46127 20564 25177 46142 22297 26911 14188 58193 72382 115 16918 0001056 10360 48242 20409 25233 48259 22160 26986 14737 57092 71829 120 19867 0001060 089133 50360 20253 25289 50381 22021 27060 15279 56013 71292 125 23223 0001065 077012 52483 20095 25343 52507 21881 27131 15816 54956 70771 130 27028 0001070 066808 54610 19934 25395 54638 21737 27201 16346 53919 70265 135 31322 0001075 058179 56741 19773 25447 56775 21591 27269 16872 52901 69773 140 36153 0001080 050850 58877 19609 25496 58916 21443 27335 17392 51901 69294 145 41568 0001085 044600 61019 19442 25544 61064 21292 27398 17908 50919 68827 150 47616 0001091 039248 63166 19274 25591 63218 21138 27459 18418 49953 68371 155 54349 0001096 034648 65319 19103 25635 65379 20980 27518 18924 49002 67927 160 61823 0001102 030680 67479 18930 25678 67547 20820 27575 19426 48066 67492 165 70093 0001108 027244 69646 18754 25719 69724 20656 27628 19923 47143 67067 170 79218 0001114 024260 71820 18575 25757 71908 20488 27679 20417 46233 66650 175 89260 0001121 021659 74002 18394 25794 74102 20317 27727 20906 45335 66242 180 10028 0001127 019384 76192 18209 25828 76305 20142 27772 21392 44448 65841 185 11235 0001134 017390 78391 18021 25860 78519 19962 27814 21875 43572 65447 190 12552 0001141 015636 80600 17830 25890 80743 19779 27853 22355 42705 65059 195 13988 0001149 014089 82818 17636 25917 82978 19590 27888 22831 41847 64678 200 15549 0001157 012721 85046 17437 25942 85226 19398 27920 23305 40997 64302 916 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 916 TABLE A4 Saturated waterTemperature table Continued Specific volume Internal energy Enthalpy Entropy m3kg kJkg kJkg kJkg K Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Temp press liquid vapor liquid Evap vapor liquid Evap vapor liquid Evap vapor T C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 205 17243 0001164 011508 87286 17235 25964 87487 19200 27948 23776 40154 63930 210 19077 0001173 010429 89538 17029 25983 89761 18997 27973 24245 39318 63563 215 21059 0001181 0094680 91802 16819 25999 92050 18788 27993 24712 38489 63200 220 23196 0001190 0086094 94079 16605 26013 94355 18574 28010 25176 37664 62840 225 25497 0001199 0078405 96370 16386 26023 96676 18354 28022 25639 36844 62483 230 27971 0001209 0071505 98676 16161 26029 99014 18128 28029 26100 36028 62128 235 30626 0001219 0065300 10100 15932 26032 10137 17895 28032 26560 35216 61775 240 33470 0001229 0059707 10334 15698 26031 10375 17655 28030 27018 34405 61424 245 36512 0001240 0054656 10569 15457 26027 10615 17408 28022 27476 33596 61072 250 39762 0001252 0050085 10807 15211 26018 10857 17153 28010 27933 32788 60721 255 43229 0001263 0045941 11047 14958 26005 11101 16890 27991 28390 31979 60369 260 46923 0001276 0042175 11288 14699 25987 11348 16618 27966 28847 31169 60017 265 50853 0001289 0038748 11533 14432 25965 11598 16337 27935 29304 30358 59662 270 55030 0001303 0035622 11779 14157 25937 11851 16046 27897 29762 29542 59305 275 59464 0001317 0032767 12029 13874 25903 12107 15745 27852 30221 28723 58944 280 64166 0001333 0030153 12282 13582 25864 12367 15432 27799 30681 27898 58579 285 69146 0001349 0027756 12537 13281 25818 12631 15107 27737 31144 27066 58210 290 74418 0001366 0025554 12797 12969 25765 12898 14769 27667 31608 26225 57834 295 79990 0001384 0023528 13060 12645 25705 13171 14416 27587 32076 25374 57450 300 85879 0001404 0021659 13327 12309 25636 13448 14048 27496 32548 24511 57059 305 92094 0001425 0019932 13600 11959 25558 13731 13663 27394 33024 23633 56657 310 98650 0001447 0018333 13877 11593 25471 14020 13259 27279 33506 22737 56243 315 10556 0001472 0016849 14161 11211 25372 14316 12834 27150 33994 21821 55816 320 11284 0001499 0015470 14451 10809 25260 14620 12385 27006 34491 20881 55372 325 12051 0001528 0014183 14750 10385 25134 14934 11910 26843 34998 19911 54908 330 12858 0001560 0012979 15057 9935 24992 15258 11403 26660 35516 18906 54422 335 13707 0001597 0011848 15375 9455 24830 15594 10860 26454 36050 17857 53907 340 14601 0001638 0010783 15707 8938 24645 15946 10274 26220 36602 16756 53358 345 15541 0001685 0009772 16055 8377 24432 16317 9634 25951 37179 15585 52765 350 16529 0001741 0008806 16424 7759 24183 16712 8927 25639 37788 14326 52114 355 17570 0001808 0007872 16822 7064 23886 17140 8129 25269 38442 12942 51384 360 18666 0001895 0006950 17262 6257 23519 17615 7201 24816 39165 11373 50537 365 19822 0002015 0006009 17772 5264 23036 18172 6055 24227 40004 09489 49493 370 21044 0002217 0004953 18445 3856 22301 18912 4431 23343 41119 06890 48009 37395 22064 0003106 0003106 20157 0 20157 20843 0 20843 44070 0 44070 Source Tables A4 through A8 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver EES software developed by S A Klein and F L Alvarado The routine used in calculations is the highly accurate SteamIAPWS which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam IAPWS This formulation replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar Gallagher and Kell NBSNRC Steam Tables Hemisphere Publishing Co 1984 which is also available in EES as the routine STEAM The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner J Phys Chem Ref Data 16 893 1987 with modifica tions to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss J Phys Chem Ref Data 22 783 1993 The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 17315 K to 47315 K ASHRAE Trans Part 2A Paper 2793 1983 Appendix 1 917 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 917 TABLE A5 Saturated waterPressure table Specific volume Internal energy Enthalpy Entropy m3kg kJkg kJkg kJkg K Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Press temp liquid vapor liquid Evap vapor liquid Evap vapor liquid Evap vapor P kPa Tsat C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 10 697 0001000 12919 29302 23552 23845 29303 24844 25137 01059 88690 89749 15 1302 0001001 87964 54686 23381 23928 54688 24701 25247 01956 86314 88270 20 1750 0001001 66990 73431 23255 23989 73433 24595 25329 02606 84621 87227 25 2108 0001002 54242 88422 23154 24038 88424 24510 25394 03118 83302 86421 30 2408 0001003 45654 10098 23069 24079 10098 24439 25448 03543 82222 85765 40 2896 0001004 34791 12139 22931 24145 12139 24323 25537 04224 80510 84734 50 3287 0001005 28185 13775 22821 24198 13775 24230 25607 04762 79176 83938 75 4029 0001008 19233 16874 22611 24298 16875 24053 25740 05763 76738 82501 10 4581 0001010 14670 19179 22454 24372 19181 23921 25839 06492 74996 81488 15 5397 0001014 10020 22593 22221 24480 22594 23723 25983 07549 72522 80071 20 6006 0001017 76481 25140 22046 24560 25142 23575 26089 08320 70752 79073 25 6496 0001020 62034 27193 21904 24624 27196 23455 26175 08932 69370 78302 30 6909 0001022 52287 28924 21785 24677 28927 23353 26246 09441 68234 77675 40 7586 0001026 39933 31758 21588 24763 31762 23184 26361 10261 66430 76691 50 8132 0001030 32403 34049 21427 24832 34054 23047 26452 10912 65019 75931 75 9176 0001037 22172 38436 21118 24961 38444 22780 26624 12132 62426 74558 100 9961 0001043 16941 41740 20882 25056 41751 22575 26750 13028 60562 73589 101325 9997 0001043 16734 41895 20870 25060 41906 22565 26756 13069 60476 73545 125 10597 0001048 13750 44423 20688 25130 44436 22406 26849 13741 59100 72841 150 11135 0001053 11594 46697 20523 25192 46713 22260 26931 14337 57894 72231 175 11604 0001057 10037 48682 20377 25245 48701 22131 27002 14850 56865 71716 200 12021 0001061 088578 50450 20246 25291 50471 22016 27063 15302 55968 71270 225 12397 0001064 079329 52047 20127 25332 52071 21910 27117 15706 55171 70877 250 12741 0001067 071873 53508 20018 25368 53535 21812 27165 16072 54453 70525 275 13058 0001070 065732 54857 19916 25401 54886 21720 27209 16408 53800 70207 300 13352 0001073 060582 56111 19821 25432 56143 21635 27249 16717 53200 69917 325 13627 0001076 056199 57284 19731 25459 57319 21554 27286 17005 52645 69650 350 13886 0001079 052422 58389 19646 25485 58426 21477 27320 17274 52128 69402 375 14130 0001081 049133 59432 19566 25509 59473 21404 27351 17526 51645 69171 400 14361 0001084 046242 60422 19489 25531 60466 21334 27381 17765 51191 68955 450 14790 0001088 041392 62265 19345 25571 62314 21203 27434 18205 50356 68561 500 15183 0001093 037483 63954 19212 25607 64009 21080 27481 18604 49603 68207 550 15546 0001097 034261 65516 19088 25639 65577 20966 27524 18970 48916 67886 600 15883 0001101 031560 66972 18971 25668 67038 20858 27562 19308 48285 67593 650 16198 0001104 029260 68337 18861 25694 68408 20755 27596 19623 47699 67322 700 16495 0001108 027278 69623 18756 25718 69700 20658 27628 19918 47153 67071 750 16775 0001111 025552 70840 18656 25740 70924 20564 27657 20195 46642 66837 918 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 918 TABLE A5 Saturated waterPressure table Continued Specific volume Internal energy Enthalpy Entropy m3kg kJkg kJkg kJkg K Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Press temp liquid vapor liquid Evap vapor liquid Evap vapor liquid Evap vapor P kPa Tsat C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 800 17041 0001115 024035 71997 18561 25760 72087 20475 27683 20457 46160 66616 850 17294 0001118 022690 73100 18469 25779 73195 20388 27708 20705 45705 66409 900 17535 0001121 021489 74155 18381 25796 74256 20305 27730 20941 45273 66213 950 17766 0001124 020411 75167 18296 25813 75274 20224 27752 21166 44862 66027 1000 17988 0001127 019436 76139 18214 25828 76251 20146 27771 21381 44470 65850 1100 18406 0001133 017745 77978 18057 25855 78103 19996 27807 21785 43735 65520 1200 18796 0001138 016326 79696 17909 25878 79833 19854 27838 22159 43058 65217 1300 19160 0001144 015119 81310 17768 25899 81459 19719 27865 22508 42428 64936 1400 19504 0001149 014078 82835 17634 25918 82996 19589 27889 22835 41840 64675 1500 19829 0001154 013171 84282 17506 25934 84455 19464 27910 23143 41287 64430 1750 20572 0001166 011344 87612 17206 25967 87816 19171 27952 23844 40033 63877 2000 21238 0001177 0099587 90612 16930 25991 90847 18898 27983 24467 38923 63390 2250 21841 0001187 0088717 93354 16673 26009 93621 18643 28005 25029 37926 62954 2500 22395 0001197 0079952 95887 16432 26021 96187 18401 28019 25542 37016 62558 3000 23385 0001217 0066667 10046 15985 26032 10083 17949 28032 26454 35402 61856 3500 24256 0001235 0057061 10454 15576 26030 10497 17530 28027 27253 33991 61244 4000 25035 0001252 0049779 10824 15193 26017 10874 17135 28008 27966 32731 60696 5000 26394 0001286 0039448 11481 14489 25970 11545 16397 27942 29207 30530 59737 6000 27559 0001319 0032449 12058 13841 25899 12138 15709 27846 30275 28627 58902 7000 28583 0001352 0027378 12580 13230 25810 12675 15052 27726 31220 26927 58148 8000 29501 0001384 0023525 13060 12645 25705 13171 14416 27587 32077 25373 57450 9000 30335 0001418 0020489 13509 12076 25585 13637 13793 27429 32866 23925 56791 10000 31100 0001452 0018028 13933 11518 25452 14078 13176 27255 33603 22556 56159 11000 31808 0001488 0015988 14339 10966 25304 14502 12561 27063 34299 21245 55544 12000 32468 0001526 0014264 14730 10413 25143 14913 11941 26854 34964 19975 54939 13000 33085 0001566 0012781 15110 9855 24966 15314 11313 26627 35606 18730 54336 14000 33667 0001610 0011487 15484 9287 24771 15710 10670 26379 36232 17497 53728 15000 34216 0001657 0010341 15855 8703 24557 16103 10005 26108 36848 16261 53108 16000 34736 0001710 0009312 16226 8094 24320 16499 9311 25810 37461 15005 52466 17000 35229 0001770 0008374 16602 7451 24054 16903 8574 25477 38082 13709 51791 18000 35699 0001840 0007504 16991 6759 23750 17322 7778 25100 38720 12343 51064 19000 36147 0001926 0006677 17403 5989 23392 17768 6892 24660 39396 10860 50256 20000 36575 0002038 0005862 17858 5090 22948 18266 5855 24121 40146 09164 49310 21000 36983 0002207 0004994 18416 3919 22335 18880 4504 23384 41071 07005 48076 22000 37371 0002703 0003644 19517 1408 20924 20111 1615 21726 42942 02496 45439 22064 37395 0003106 0003106 20157 0 20157 20843 0 20843 44070 0 44070 Appendix 1 919 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 919 TABLE A6 Superheated water T C v m3kg u kJkg h kJkg s kJkg K v m3kg u kJkg h kJkg s kJkg K v m3kg u kJkg h kJkg s kJkg K P 001 MPa 4581C P 005 MPa 8132C P 010 MPa 9961C Sat 14670 24372 25839 81488 32403 24832 26452 75931 16941 25056 26750 73589 50 14867 24433 25920 81741 100 17196 25155 26875 84489 34187 25115 26824 76953 16959 25062 26758 73611 150 19513 25879 27830 86893 38897 25857 27802 79413 19367 25829 27766 76148 200 21826 26614 28796 89049 43562 26600 28778 81592 21724 26582 28755 78356 250 24136 27361 29775 91015 48206 27351 29762 83568 24062 27339 29745 80346 300 26446 28123 30767 92827 52841 28116 30758 85387 26389 28107 30745 82172 400 31063 29693 32800 96094 62094 29689 32793 88659 31027 29683 32786 85452 500 35680 31329 34897 98998 71338 31326 34893 91566 35655 31322 34887 88362 600 40296 33033 37063 101631 80577 33031 37060 94201 40279 33028 37056 90999 700 44911 34808 39299 104056 89813 34806 39297 96626 44900 34804 39294 93424 800 49527 36654 41606 106312 99047 36652 41604 98883 49519 36650 41602 95682 900 54143 38569 43983 108429 108280 38568 43982 101000 54137 38567 43980 97800 1000 58758 40553 46428 110429 117513 40552 46427 103000 58755 40550 46426 99800 1100 63373 42600 48938 112326 126745 42599 48937 104897 63372 42598 48936 101698 1200 67989 44709 51508 114132 135977 44708 51507 106704 67988 44707 51506 103504 1300 72604 46874 54134 115857 145209 46873 54133 108429 72605 46872 54130 105229 P 020 MPa 12021C P 030 MPa 13352C P 040 MPa 14361C Sat 088578 25291 27063 71270 060582 25432 27249 69917 046242 25531 27381 68955 150 095986 25771 27691 72810 063402 25710 27612 70792 047088 25644 27528 69306 200 108049 26546 28707 75081 071643 26510 28659 73132 053434 26472 28609 71723 250 119890 27314 29712 77100 079645 27289 29679 75180 059520 27264 29645 73804 300 131623 28088 30721 78941 087535 28070 30696 77037 065489 28051 30671 75667 400 154934 29672 32770 82236 103155 29660 32755 80347 077265 29649 32739 79003 500 178142 31314 34877 85153 118672 31306 34866 83271 088936 31298 34855 81933 600 201302 33022 37048 87793 134139 33016 37040 85915 100558 33010 37033 84580 700 224434 34799 39288 90221 149580 34795 39282 88345 112152 34790 39276 87012 800 247550 36647 41598 92479 165004 36643 41593 90605 123730 36639 41589 89274 900 270656 38563 43977 94598 180417 38560 43973 92725 135298 38557 43969 91394 1000 293755 40548 46423 96599 195824 40545 46420 94726 146859 40543 46417 93396 1100 316848 42596 48933 98497 211226 42594 48931 96624 158414 42592 48929 95295 1200 339938 44705 51504 100304 226624 44703 51502 98431 169966 44702 51500 97102 1300 363026 46871 54131 102029 242019 46869 54130 100157 181516 46867 54128 98828 P 050 MPa 15183C P 060 MPa 15883C P 080 MPa 17041C Sat 037483 25607 27481 68207 031560 25668 27562 67593 024035 25760 27683 66616 200 042503 26433 28558 70610 035212 26394 28506 69683 026088 26311 28398 68177 250 047443 27238 29610 72725 039390 27212 29576 71833 029321 27159 29504 70402 300 052261 28033 30646 74614 043442 28014 30620 73740 032416 27975 30569 72345 350 057015 28830 31681 76346 047428 28816 31661 75481 035442 28786 31622 74107 400 061731 29637 32724 77956 051374 29625 32708 77097 038429 29602 32677 75735 500 071095 31290 34845 80893 059200 31282 34834 80041 044332 31266 34813 78692 600 080409 33004 37025 83544 066976 32998 37017 82695 050186 32987 37001 81354 700 089696 34786 39270 85978 074725 34781 39264 85132 056011 34772 39253 83794 800 098966 36636 41584 88240 082457 36632 41579 87395 061820 36625 41570 86061 900 108227 38554 43966 90362 090179 38551 43962 89518 067619 38545 43955 88185 1000 117480 40540 46414 92364 097893 40538 46411 91521 073411 40533 46405 90189 1100 126728 42590 48926 94263 105603 42588 48924 93420 079197 42583 48919 92090 1200 135972 44700 51498 96071 113309 44698 51496 95229 084980 44694 51493 93898 1300 145214 46866 54126 97797 121012 46864 54125 96955 090761 46861 54122 95625 The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure 926 Thermodynamics 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1200 1100 1000 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 100 9 8 7 6 5 4 Entropy kJkg K 3 2 1 0 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 900 Temperature C 2800 2800 h 2650 kJkg 2650 kJkg 2650 2650 2550 2550 2900 2900 3000 3000 3100 3100 3200 3200 3300 3300 3400 3400 3500 3500 3600 3600 3700 3700 3800 3800 3900 3900 4000 4000 4100 4100 4200 4200 4300 4300 4400 4400 4500 4500 4600 4600 4700 4700 4800 4800 4900 4900 5000 5000 h 5000 kJkg h 5000 kJkg P 30000 bar P 30000 bar Density kgm Density kgm3 5500 5500 5000 5000 300 kgm 300 kgm3 100 kgm 100 kgm3 30 kgm 30 kgm3 10 kgm 10 kgm3 3 kgm 3 kgm3 1 kgm 1 kgm3 03 kgm 03 kgm3 01 kgm 01 kgm3 003 kgm 003 kgm3 Density 001 kgm Density 001 kgm3 20000 20000 15000 15000 10000 10000 8000 8000 6000 50006000 5000 1500 1500 1000 1000 800 800 600 600 500 500 400 400 350 350 300 300 250 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 30 30 20 20 15 15 10 10 8 6 4 3 2 15 15 10 10 08 0806 06 04 04 03 03 02 02 015 015 01 01 008 008 006 006 004 004 003 003 002 002 0015 0015 0008 0008 0006 0006 0004 0004 0003 0003 0002 0002 2000 2000 3000 3000 4000 4000 0 0 6 0 0 2 h 4 0 0 k J k g 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 16 00 18 00 20 00 22 00 24 00 h 260 0 kJ kg Qu alit y 90 Quality 10 Quality 10 Saturated liquid Saturated liquid 4 5 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 3 6 0 0 3 4 0 0 Saturated vapor 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 1 6 0 0 14 0 0 12 00 10 00 h 2 2 0 0 k J k g 3 0 0 0 h 4 2 0 0 k J k g 2800 h 2600 kJkg 2650 2550 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000 h 5000 kJkg P 30000 bar Density kgm3 5500 5000 300 kgm3 100 kgm3 30 kgm3 10 kgm3 3 kgm3 1 kgm3 03 kgm3 01 kgm3 003 kgm3 Density 001 kgm3 20000 15000 10000 8000 6000 5000 1500 1000 800 600 500 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 80 60 40 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 30 20 15 10 8 6 4 3 2 15 10 0806 04 03 02 015 01 008 006 004 003 002 0015 0008 0006 0004 0003 0002 2000 3000 4000 0 0 6 0 0 2 h 4 0 0 k J k g 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 16 00 18 00 20 00 22 00 24 00 h 260 0 kJ kg Qu alit y 90 Quality 10 Saturated liquid 4 5 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 3 6 0 0 3 4 0 0 Saturated vapor 3 2 0 0 2 8 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 1 6 0 0 14 0 0 12 00 10 00 h 2 2 0 0 k J k g 3 0 0 0 h 4 2 0 0 k J k g FIGURE A9 Ts diagram for water Copyright 1984 From NBSNRC Steam Tables1 by Lester Haar John S Gallagher and George S Kell Reproduced by permission of RoutledgeTaylor Francis Books Inc cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 926 Appendix 1 927 Enthalpy kJkg 4000 3000 2000 1000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 2 3 4 5 6 Entropy kJkg K 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 P 30000 bar P 30000 bar 25000 25000 T 300 300C 400 400C 500 500C 600 600C 700 700C 800 800C 900 900C 1000 1000C 1100 1100C T 1100 T 1100C 20000 20000 15000 15000 10000 10000 8000 8000 6000 6000 5000 5000 4000 4000 3000 3000 2000 2000 1500 1500 1000 800 1000 800 600 600 400 400 300 300 200 200 150 150 100 100 80 80 60 60 50 50 30 30 20 20 15 15 10 10 8 6 5 3 2 15 15 10 10 08 08 98 98 96 96 94 94 92 92 88 88 86 86 84 84 82 82 80 80 78 78 76 76 06 06 04 04 03 03 02 02 015 015 01 01 008 008 006 006 004 004 005 005 003 003 002 002 0015 0015 001 001 P 0008 bar P 0008 bar 4 40 40 500 500 De nsi ty 0 01 kgm3 01 k gm3 1 kg m3 10 kgm 3 100 kg m3 Density 1000 kgm3 Qualit y 90 74 74 72 72 70 70 68 68 66 66 64 64 62 62 60 60 58 58 56 56 54 54 52 52 50 50 48 48 46 46 44 44 42 42 40 40 P 30000 bar 25000 T 300C 400C 500C 600C 700C 800C 900C 1000C 1100C T 1100C 20000 15000 10000 8000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 800 600 400 300 200 150 100 80 60 50 30 20 15 10 8 6 5 3 2 15 10 08 98 96 94 92 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 06 04 03 02 015 01 008 006 004 005 003 002 0015 001 P 0008 bar 4 40 500 De nsi ty 0 01 kgm3 01 k gm3 1 kg m3 10 kgm 3 100 kg m3 Density 1000 kgm3 Qualit y 90 74 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 5000 FIGURE A10 Mollier diagram for water Copyright 1984 From NBSNRC Steam Tables1 by Lester Haar John S Gallagher and George S Kell Reproduced by permission of RoutledgeTaylor Francis Books Inc cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 927 TABLE A13 Superheated refrigerant134a Continued T C v m3kg u kJkg h kJkg s kJkg K P 050 MPa Tsat 1571C Sat 0041118 23875 25930 09240 20 0042115 24240 26346 09383 30 0044338 25084 27301 09703 40 0046456 25926 28248 10011 50 0048499 26772 29196 10309 60 0050485 27625 30150 10599 70 0052427 28489 31110 10883 80 0054331 29364 32080 11162 90 0056205 30251 33061 11436 100 0058053 31150 34053 11705 110 0059880 32063 35057 11971 120 0061687 32989 36073 12233 130 0063479 33929 37103 12491 140 0065256 34883 38146 12747 150 0067021 35851 39202 12999 160 0068775 36833 40272 13249 u kJkg h kJkg s kJkg K P 060 MPa Tsat 2155C 0034295 24183 26240 09218 0035984 24922 27081 09499 0037865 25786 28058 09816 0039659 26648 29028 10121 0041389 27515 29998 10417 0043069 28389 30973 10705 0044710 29273 31955 10987 0046318 30167 32946 11264 0047900 31073 33947 11536 0049458 31991 34959 11803 0050997 32923 35982 12067 0052519 33867 37018 12327 0054027 34825 38066 12584 0055522 35796 39127 12838 0057006 36781 40201 13088 u kJkg h kJkg s kJkg K P 070 MPa Tsat 2669C 0029361 24448 26503 09199 0029966 24748 26845 09313 0031696 25639 27857 09641 0033322 26520 28853 09954 0034875 27401 29842 10256 0036373 28287 30833 10549 0037829 29180 31828 10835 0039250 30082 32829 11114 0040642 30995 33840 11389 0042010 31919 34860 11658 0043358 32855 35890 11924 0044688 33804 36932 12186 0046004 34766 37986 12444 0047306 35741 39052 12699 0048597 36729 40131 12951 P 080 MPa Tsat 3131C 0025621 24679 26729 09183 0027035 25482 27645 09480 0028547 26386 28669 09802 0029973 27283 29681 10110 0031340 28181 30688 10408 0032659 29084 31697 10698 0033941 29995 32710 10981 0035193 30915 33730 11258 0036420 31845 34759 11530 0037625 32787 35797 11798 0038813 33740 36845 12061 0039985 34706 37905 12321 0041143 35685 38976 12577 0042290 36676 40059 12830 0043427 37681 41155 13080 0044554 38699 42264 13327 P 090 MPa Tsat 3551C 0022683 24885 26926 09169 0023375 25313 27417 09327 0024809 26244 28477 09660 0026146 27160 29513 09976 0027413 28072 30539 10280 0028630 28986 31563 10574 0029806 29906 32589 10860 0030951 30834 33619 11140 0032068 31770 34656 11414 0033164 32718 35702 11684 0034241 33676 36758 11949 0035302 34646 37823 12210 0036349 35628 38900 12467 0037384 36623 39988 12721 0038408 37631 41088 12972 0039423 38652 42200 13221 P 100 MPa Tsat 3937C 0020313 25068 27099 09156 0020406 25130 27171 09179 0021796 26094 28274 09525 0023068 27032 29338 09850 0024261 27959 30385 10160 0025398 28886 31425 10458 0026492 29815 32464 10748 0027552 30751 33506 11031 0028584 31694 34553 11308 0029592 32647 35606 11580 0030581 33611 36669 11846 0031554 34585 37740 12109 0032512 35571 38822 12368 0033457 36570 39915 12623 0034392 37581 41020 12875 0035317 38604 42136 13124 P 120 MPa Tsat 4629C 0016715 25381 27387 09130 0017201 25763 27827 09267 0018404 26756 28964 09614 0019502 27721 30061 09938 0020529 28675 31139 10248 0021506 29626 32207 10546 0022442 30580 33273 10836 0023348 31538 34340 11118 0024228 32503 35411 11394 0025086 33477 36488 11664 0025927 34461 37572 11930 0026753 35456 38666 12192 0027566 36461 39769 12449 0028367 37478 40882 12703 0029158 38508 42007 12954 P 140 MPa Tsat 5240C 0014107 25637 27612 09105 0015005 26446 28547 09389 0016060 27462 29710 09733 0017023 28451 30834 10056 0017923 29428 31937 10364 0018778 30401 33030 10661 0019597 31376 34119 10949 0020388 32355 35209 11230 0021155 33341 36302 11504 0021904 34334 37401 11773 0022636 35337 38507 12038 0023355 36351 39620 12298 0024061 37375 40743 12554 0024757 38410 41876 12807 P 160 MPa Tsat 5788C 0012123 25847 27786 09078 0012372 26089 28069 09163 0013430 27176 29325 09535 0014362 28209 30507 09875 0015215 29217 31652 10194 0016014 30214 32776 10500 0016773 31207 33891 10795 0017500 32202 35002 11081 0018201 33200 36112 11360 0018882 34205 37226 11632 0019545 35217 38344 11900 0020194 36238 39469 12163 0020830 37269 40602 12421 0021456 38311 41744 12676 FIGURE A14 Ph diagram for refrigerant134a Note The reference point used for the chart is different than that used in the R134a tables Therefore problems should be solved using all property data either from the tables or from the chart but not from both Reprinted by permission of American Society of Heating Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers Inc Atlanta GA FIGURE A15 NelsonObert generalized compressibility chart Used with permission of Dr Edward E Obert University of Wisconsin 934 Thermodynamics 100 REDUCED PRESSURE PR Pv RT COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR Z 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 a Low pressures 0 PR 10 065 060 TR 10 105 110 115 120 130 140 160 200 300 095 090 085 080 07 507 0 TR 500 500 065 060 TR 10 105 110 115 120 130 140 160 200 300 095 090 085 080 07 507 0 TR 500 180 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 090 080 vR 07 200 220 240 260 300 350 400 500 60 0 80 0 180 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 090 080 vR 07 200 220 240 260 300 350 400 500 60 0 80 0 200 160 140 120 105 110 100 095 090 085 080 075 000 005 010 090 095 Z PR 070 065 0660 30 30 20 20 15 15 12 12 10 10 vr 070 065 060 30 20 15 12 10 vR NELSON OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS CHART No 1 PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME P Pcr REDUCED PRESSURE PR TR 25 Z 100 TR 15 TR 300 REDUCED TEMPERATURE T Tcr TR v RTcr Pcr vR 1953 NOTE DEVIATION 10 NELSON OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS CHART No 2 PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME P Pcr REDUCED PRESSURE PR REDUCED TEMPERATURE T Tcr TR v RTcr Pcr vR 1953 TR 100 100 105 105 110 110 115 115 120 120 130 130 140 140 150 150 160 160 180 180 200 200 350 350 250 250 TR 500 500 TR 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 180 200 350 250 TR 500 vR 020 025 030 035 040 045 vR 0 50 060 070 08 0 09 0 10 0 1 20 1 40 1 60 3 0 0 2 0 0 vR 020 025 030 035 040 045 vR 0 50 060 070 08 0 09 0 10 0 1 20 1 40 1 60 3 0 0 3 0 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 REDUCED PRESSURE PR Pv RT COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR Z b Intermediate pressures 0 PR 7 00 05 15 25 35 45 55 65 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 020 030 040 050 060 070 080 090 100 110 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 934 TABLE A16 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude Altitude m Temperature C Pressure kPa Gravity g ms2 Speed of Sound ms Density kgm3 Viscosity μ kgm s Thermal Conductivity Wm K 0 1500 10133 9807 3403 1225 1789 105 00253 200 1370 9895 9806 3395 1202 1783 105 00252 400 1240 9661 9805 3388 1179 1777 105 00252 600 1110 9432 9805 3380 1156 1771 105 00251 800 980 9208 9804 3372 1134 1764 105 00250 1000 850 8988 9804 3364 1112 1758 105 00249 1200 720 8772 9803 3357 1090 1752 105 00248 1400 590 8560 9802 3349 1069 1745 105 00247 1600 460 8353 9802 3341 1048 1739 105 00245 1800 330 8149 9801 3333 1027 1732 105 00244 2000 200 7950 9800 3325 1007 1726 105 00243 2200 070 7755 9800 3317 0987 1720 105 00242 2400 059 7563 9799 3310 0967 1713 105 00241 2600 189 7376 9799 3302 0947 1707 105 00240 2800 319 7192 9798 3294 0928 1700 105 00239 3000 449 7012 9797 3286 0909 1694 105 00238 3200 579 6836 9797 3278 0891 1687 105 00237 3400 709 6663 9796 3270 0872 1681 105 00236 3600 839 6494 9796 3262 0854 1674 105 00235 3800 969 6328 9795 3254 0837 1668 105 00234 4000 1098 6166 9794 3246 0819 1661 105 00233 4200 123 6007 9794 3238 0802 1655 105 00232 4400 136 5852 9793 3230 0785 1648 105 00231 4600 149 5700 9793 3222 0769 1642 105 00230 4800 162 5551 9792 3214 0752 1635 105 00229 5000 175 5405 9791 3205 0736 1628 105 00228 5200 188 5262 9791 3197 0721 1622 105 00227 5400 201 5123 9790 3189 0705 1615 105 00226 5600 214 4986 9789 3181 0690 1608 105 00224 5800 227 4852 9785 3173 0675 1602 105 00223 6000 240 4722 9788 3165 0660 1595 105 00222 6200 253 4594 9788 3156 0646 1588 105 00221 6400 266 4469 9787 3148 0631 1582 105 00220 6600 279 4347 9786 3140 0617 1575 105 00219 6800 292 4227 9785 3131 0604 1568 105 00218 7000 305 4111 9785 3123 0590 1561 105 00217 8000 369 3565 9782 3081 0526 1527 105 00212 9000 434 3080 9779 3038 0467 1493 105 00206 10000 499 2650 9776 2995 0414 1458 105 00201 12000 565 1940 9770 2951 0312 1422 105 00195 14000 565 1417 9764 2951 0228 1422 105 00195 16000 565 1053 9758 2951 0166 1422 105 00195 18000 565 757 9751 2951 0122 1422 105 00195 Source US Standard Atmosphere Supplements US Government Printing Office 1966 Based on yearround mean conditions at 45 latitude and varies with the time of the year and the weather patterns The conditions at sea level z 0 are taken to be P 101325 kPa T 15C ρ 12250 kgm3 g 980665 m2s TABLE A17 Idealgas properties of air T h u s T h u s K kJkg Pr kJkg vr kJkg K K kJkg Pr kJkg vr kJkg K 200 19997 03363 14256 17070 129559 580 58604 1438 41955 1157 237348 210 20997 03987 14969 15120 134444 590 59652 1531 42715 1106 239140 220 21997 04690 15682 13460 139105 600 60702 1628 43478 1058 240902 230 23002 05477 16400 12050 143557 610 61753 1730 44242 1012 242644 240 24002 06355 17113 10840 147824 620 62807 1836 45009 9692 244356 250 25005 07329 17828 9790 151917 630 63863 1984 45778 9284 246048 260 26009 08405 18545 8878 155848 640 64922 2064 46550 8899 247716 270 27011 09590 19260 8080 159634 650 65984 2186 47325 8534 249364 280 28013 10889 19975 7380 163279 660 67047 2313 48101 8189 250985 285 28514 11584 20333 7061 165055 670 68114 2446 48881 7861 252589 290 29016 12311 20691 6761 166802 680 69182 2585 49662 7550 254175 295 29517 13068 21049 6479 168515 690 70252 2729 50445 7256 255731 298 29818 13543 21264 6319 169528 700 71327 2880 51233 6976 257277 300 30019 13860 21407 6212 170203 710 72404 3038 52023 6707 258810 305 30522 14686 21767 5960 171865 720 73482 3202 52814 6453 260319 310 31024 15546 22125 5723 173498 730 74562 3372 53607 6213 261803 315 31527 16442 22485 5498 175106 740 75644 3550 54402 5982 263280 320 32029 17375 22842 5286 176690 750 76729 3735 55199 5763 264737 325 32531 18345 23202 5084 178249 760 77818 3927 56001 5554 266176 330 33034 19352 23561 4894 179783 780 80003 4335 57612 5164 269013 340 34042 2149 24282 4541 182790 800 82195 4775 59230 4808 271787 350 35049 2379 25002 4222 185708 820 84398 5259 60859 4484 274504 360 36058 2626 25724 3934 188543 840 86608 5760 62495 4185 277170 370 37067 2892 26446 3672 191313 860 88827 6309 64140 3912 279783 380 38077 3176 27169 3434 194001 880 91056 6898 65795 3661 282344 390 39088 3481 27893 3215 196633 900 93293 7529 67458 3431 284856 400 40098 3806 28616 3016 199194 920 95538 8205 69128 3218 287324 410 41112 4153 29343 2833 201699 940 97792 8928 70808 3022 289748 420 42126 4522 30069 2666 204142 960 100055 9700 72502 2840 292128 430 43143 4915 30799 2511 206533 980 102325 1052 74198 2673 294468 440 44161 5332 31530 2368 208870 1000 104604 1140 75894 2517 296770 450 45180 5775 32262 2236 211161 1020 106889 1234 77610 2372 299034 460 46202 6245 32997 2114 213407 1040 109185 1333 79336 2329 301260 470 47224 6742 33732 2001 215604 1060 111486 1439 81062 2114 303449 480 48249 7268 34470 1895 217760 1080 113789 1552 82788 1998 305608 490 49274 7824 35208 1797 219876 1100 116107 1671 84533 18896 307732 500 50302 8411 35949 1706 221952 1120 118428 1797 86279 17886 309825 510 51332 9031 36692 1621 223993 1140 120757 1931 88035 16946 311883 520 52363 9684 37436 1541 225997 1160 123092 2072 89791 16064 313916 530 53398 1037 38184 1467 227967 1180 125434 2222 91557 15241 315916 540 54435 1110 38934 1397 229906 1200 127779 2380 93333 14470 317888 550 55574 1186 39686 1331 231809 1220 130131 2547 95109 13747 319834 560 56517 1266 40442 1270 233685 1240 132493 2723 96895 13069 321751 570 57559 1350 41197 1212 235531 936 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 936 TABLE A17 Idealgas properties of air Concluded T h u s T h u s K kJkg Pr kJkg vr kJkg K K kJkg Pr kJkg vr kJkg K 1260 134855 2908 98690 12435 323638 1600 175757 7912 129830 5804 352364 1280 137224 3104 100476 11835 325510 1620 178200 8341 131696 5574 353879 1300 139597 3309 102282 11275 327345 1640 180646 8789 133572 5355 355381 1320 141976 3525 104088 10747 329160 1660 183096 9256 135448 5147 356867 1340 144360 3753 105894 10247 330959 1680 185550 9742 137324 4949 358335 1360 146749 3991 107710 9780 332724 1700 18801 1025 13927 4761 35979 1380 149144 4242 109526 9337 334474 1750 19416 1161 14398 4328 36336 1400 151542 4505 111352 8919 336200 1800 20033 1310 14872 3994 36684 1420 153944 4780 113177 8526 337901 1850 20653 1475 15349 3601 37023 1440 156351 5069 115013 8153 339586 1900 21274 1655 15826 3295 37354 1460 158763 5371 116849 7801 341247 1950 21897 1852 16306 3022 37677 1480 161179 5688 118695 7468 342892 2000 22521 2068 16787 2776 37994 1500 163597 6019 120541 7152 344516 2050 23146 2303 17268 2555 38303 1520 166023 6365 122387 6854 346120 2100 23777 2559 17753 2356 38605 1540 168451 6728 124243 6569 347712 2150 24403 2837 18238 2175 38901 1560 170882 7105 126099 6301 349276 2200 25032 3138 18724 2012 39191 1580 173317 7500 127965 6046 350829 2250 25664 3464 19213 1864 39474 Note The properties Pr relative pressure and vr relative specific volume are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume Source Kenneth Wark Thermodynamics 4th ed New York McGrawHill 1983 pp 78586 table A5 Originally published in J H Keenan and J Kaye Gas Tables New York John Wiley Sons 1948 Appendix 1 937 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 937 TABLE A18 Idealgas properties of nitrogen N2 T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 0 0 0 0 600 17563 12574 212066 220 6391 4562 182639 610 17864 12792 212564 230 6683 4770 183938 620 18166 13011 213055 240 6975 4979 185180 630 18468 13230 213541 250 7266 5188 186370 640 18772 13450 214018 260 7558 5396 187514 650 19075 13671 214489 270 7849 5604 188614 660 19380 13892 214954 280 8141 5813 189673 670 19685 14114 215413 290 8432 6021 190695 680 19991 14337 215866 298 8669 6190 191502 690 20297 14560 216314 300 8723 6229 191682 700 20604 14784 216756 310 9014 6437 192638 710 20912 15008 217192 320 9306 6645 193562 720 21220 15234 217624 330 9597 6853 194459 730 21529 15460 218059 340 9888 7061 195328 740 21839 15686 218472 350 10180 7270 196173 750 22149 15913 218889 360 10471 7478 196995 760 22460 16141 219301 370 10763 7687 197794 770 22772 16370 219709 380 11055 7895 198572 780 23085 16599 220113 390 11347 8104 199331 790 23398 16830 220512 400 11640 8314 200071 800 23714 17061 220907 410 11932 8523 200794 810 24027 17292 221298 420 12225 8733 201499 820 24342 17524 221684 430 12518 8943 202189 830 24658 17757 222067 440 12811 9153 202863 840 24974 17990 222447 450 13105 9363 203523 850 25292 18224 222822 460 13399 9574 204170 860 25610 18459 223194 470 13693 9786 204803 870 25928 18695 223562 480 13988 9997 205424 880 26248 18931 223927 490 14285 10210 206033 890 26568 19168 224288 500 14581 10423 206630 900 26890 19407 224647 510 14876 10635 207216 910 27210 19644 225002 520 15172 10848 207792 920 27532 19883 225353 530 15469 11062 208358 930 27854 20122 225701 540 15766 11277 208914 940 28178 20362 226047 550 16064 11492 209461 950 28501 20603 226389 560 16363 11707 209999 960 28826 20844 226728 570 16662 11923 210528 970 29151 21086 227064 580 16962 12139 211049 980 29476 21328 227398 590 17262 12356 211562 990 29803 21571 227728 938 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 938 TABLE A18 Idealgas properties of nitrogen N2 Concluded T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 1000 30129 21815 228057 1760 56227 41594 247396 1020 30784 22304 228706 1780 56938 42139 247798 1040 31442 22795 229344 1800 57651 42685 248195 1060 32101 23288 229973 1820 58363 43231 248589 1080 32762 23782 230591 1840 59075 43777 248979 1100 33426 24280 231199 1860 59790 44324 249365 1120 34092 24780 231799 1880 60504 44873 249748 1140 34760 25282 232391 1900 61220 45423 250128 1160 35430 25786 232973 1920 61936 45973 250502 1180 36104 26291 233549 1940 62654 46524 250874 1200 36777 26799 234115 1960 63381 47075 251242 1220 37452 27308 234673 1980 64090 47627 251607 1240 38129 27819 235223 2000 64810 48181 251969 1260 38807 28331 235766 2050 66612 49567 252858 1280 39488 28845 236302 2100 68417 50957 253726 1300 40170 29361 236831 2150 70226 52351 254578 1320 40853 29378 237353 2200 72040 53749 255412 1340 41539 30398 237867 2250 73856 55149 256227 1360 42227 30919 238376 2300 75676 56553 257027 1380 42915 31441 238878 2350 77496 57958 257810 1400 43605 31964 239375 2400 79320 59366 258580 1420 44295 32489 239865 2450 81149 60779 259332 1440 44988 33014 240350 2500 82981 62195 260073 1460 45682 33543 240827 2550 84814 63613 260799 1480 46377 34071 241301 2600 86650 65033 261512 1500 47073 34601 241768 2650 88488 66455 262213 1520 47771 35133 242228 2700 90328 67880 262902 1540 48470 35665 242685 2750 92171 69306 263577 1560 49168 36197 243137 2800 94014 70734 264241 1580 49869 36732 243585 2850 95859 72163 264895 1600 50571 37268 244028 2900 97705 73593 265538 1620 51275 37806 244464 2950 99556 75028 266170 1640 51980 38344 244896 3000 101407 76464 266793 1660 52686 38884 245324 3050 103260 77902 267404 1680 53393 39424 245747 3100 105115 79341 268007 1700 54099 39965 246166 3150 106972 80782 268601 1720 54807 40507 246580 3200 108830 82224 269186 1740 55516 41049 246990 3250 110690 83668 269763 Source Tables A18 through A25 are adapted from Kenneth Wark Thermodynamics 4th ed New York McGrawHill 1983 pp 78798 Originally published in JANAF Thermochemical Tables NSRDSNBS37 1971 Appendix 1 939 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 939 TABLE A19 Idealgas properties of oxygen O2 T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 0 0 0 0 600 17929 12940 226346 220 6404 4575 196171 610 18250 13178 226877 230 6694 4782 197461 620 18572 13417 227400 240 6984 4989 198696 630 18895 13657 227918 250 7275 5197 199885 640 19219 13898 228429 260 7566 5405 201027 650 19544 14140 228932 270 7858 5613 202128 660 19870 14383 229430 280 8150 5822 203191 670 20197 14626 229920 290 8443 6032 204218 680 20524 14871 230405 298 8682 6203 205033 690 20854 15116 230885 300 8736 6242 205213 700 21184 15364 231358 310 9030 6453 206177 710 21514 15611 231827 320 9325 6664 207112 720 21845 15859 232291 330 9620 6877 208020 730 22177 16107 232748 340 9916 7090 208904 740 22510 16357 233201 350 10213 7303 209765 750 22844 16607 233649 360 10511 7518 210604 760 23178 16859 234091 370 10809 7733 211423 770 23513 17111 234528 380 11109 7949 212222 780 23850 17364 234960 390 11409 8166 213002 790 24186 17618 235387 400 11711 8384 213765 800 24523 17872 235810 410 12012 8603 214510 810 24861 18126 236230 420 12314 8822 215241 820 25199 18382 236644 430 12618 9043 215955 830 25537 18637 237055 440 12923 9264 216656 840 25877 18893 237462 450 13228 9487 217342 850 26218 19150 237864 460 13525 9710 218016 860 26559 19408 238264 470 13842 9935 218676 870 26899 19666 238660 480 14151 10160 219326 880 27242 19925 239051 490 14460 10386 219963 890 27584 20185 239439 500 14770 10614 220589 900 27928 20445 239823 510 15082 10842 221206 910 28272 20706 240203 520 15395 11071 221812 920 28616 20967 240580 530 15708 11301 222409 930 28960 21228 240953 540 16022 11533 222997 940 29306 21491 241323 550 16338 11765 223576 950 29652 21754 241689 560 16654 11998 224146 960 29999 22017 242052 570 16971 12232 224708 970 30345 22280 242411 580 17290 12467 225262 980 30692 22544 242768 590 17609 12703 225808 990 31041 22809 242120 940 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 940 TABLE A19 Idealgas properties of oxygen O2 Concluded T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 1000 31389 23075 243471 1760 58880 44247 263861 1020 32088 23607 244164 1780 59624 44825 264283 1040 32789 24142 244844 1800 60371 45405 264701 1060 33490 24677 245513 1820 61118 45986 265113 1080 34194 25214 246171 1840 61866 46568 265521 1100 34899 25753 246818 1860 62616 47151 265925 1120 35606 26294 247454 1880 63365 47734 266326 1140 36314 26836 248081 1900 64116 48319 266722 1160 37023 27379 248698 1920 64868 48904 267115 1180 37734 27923 249307 1940 65620 49490 267505 1200 38447 28469 249906 1960 66374 50078 267891 1220 39162 29018 250497 1980 67127 50665 268275 1240 39877 29568 251079 2000 67881 51253 268655 1260 40594 30118 251653 2050 69772 52727 269588 1280 41312 30670 252219 2100 71668 54208 270504 1300 42033 31224 252776 2150 73573 55697 271399 1320 42753 31778 253325 2200 75484 57192 272278 1340 43475 32334 253868 2250 77397 58690 273136 1360 44198 32891 254404 2300 79316 60193 273891 1380 44923 33449 254932 2350 81243 61704 274809 1400 45648 34008 255454 2400 83174 63219 275625 1420 46374 34567 255968 2450 85112 64742 276424 1440 47102 35129 256475 2500 87057 66271 277207 1460 47831 35692 256978 2550 89004 67802 277979 1480 48561 36256 257474 2600 90956 69339 278738 1500 49292 36821 257965 2650 92916 70883 279485 1520 50024 37387 258450 2700 94881 72433 280219 1540 50756 37952 258928 2750 96852 73987 280942 1560 51490 38520 259402 2800 98826 75546 281654 1580 52224 39088 259870 2850 100808 77112 282357 1600 52961 39658 260333 2900 102793 78682 283048 1620 53696 40227 260791 2950 104785 80258 283728 1640 54434 40799 261242 3000 106780 81837 284399 1660 55172 41370 261690 3050 108778 83419 285060 1680 55912 41944 262132 3100 110784 85009 285713 1700 56652 42517 262571 3150 112795 86601 286355 1720 57394 43093 263005 3200 114809 88203 286989 1740 58136 43669 263435 3250 116827 89804 287614 Appendix 1 941 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 941 TABLE A20 Idealgas properties of carbon dioxide CO2 T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmol K K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 0 0 0 0 600 22280 17291 243199 220 6601 4772 202966 610 22754 17683 243983 230 6938 5026 204464 620 23231 18076 244758 240 7280 5285 205920 630 23709 18471 245524 250 7627 5548 207337 640 24190 18869 246282 260 7979 5817 208717 650 24674 19270 247032 270 8335 6091 210062 660 25160 19672 247773 280 8697 6369 211376 670 25648 20078 248507 290 9063 6651 212660 680 26138 20484 249233 298 9364 6885 213685 690 26631 20894 249952 300 9431 6939 213915 700 27125 21305 250663 310 9807 7230 215146 710 27622 21719 251368 320 10186 7526 216351 720 28121 22134 252065 330 10570 7826 217534 730 28622 22522 252755 340 10959 8131 218694 740 29124 22972 253439 350 11351 8439 219831 750 29629 23393 254117 360 11748 8752 220948 760 30135 23817 254787 370 12148 9068 222044 770 30644 24242 255452 380 12552 9392 223122 780 31154 24669 256110 390 12960 9718 224182 790 31665 25097 256762 400 13372 10046 225225 800 32179 25527 257408 410 13787 10378 226250 810 32694 25959 258048 420 14206 10714 227258 820 33212 26394 258682 430 14628 11053 228252 830 33730 26829 259311 440 15054 11393 229230 840 34251 27267 259934 450 15483 11742 230194 850 34773 27706 260551 460 15916 12091 231144 860 35296 28125 261164 470 16351 12444 232080 870 35821 28588 261770 480 16791 12800 233004 880 36347 29031 262371 490 17232 13158 233916 890 36876 29476 262968 500 17678 13521 234814 900 37405 29922 263559 510 18126 13885 235700 910 37935 30369 264146 520 18576 14253 236575 920 38467 30818 264728 530 19029 14622 237439 930 39000 31268 265304 540 19485 14996 238292 940 39535 31719 265877 550 19945 15372 239135 950 40070 32171 266444 560 20407 15751 239962 960 40607 32625 267007 570 20870 16131 240789 970 41145 33081 267566 580 21337 16515 241602 980 41685 33537 268119 590 21807 16902 242405 990 42226 33995 268670 942 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 942 TABLE A20 Idealgas properties of carbon dioxide CO2 Concluded T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmol K K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 1000 42769 34455 269215 1760 86420 71787 301543 1020 43859 35378 270293 1780 87612 72812 302217 1040 44953 36306 271354 1800 88806 73840 302884 1060 46051 37238 272400 1820 90000 74868 303544 1080 47153 38174 273430 1840 91196 75897 304198 1100 48258 39112 274445 1860 92394 76929 304845 1120 49369 40057 275444 1880 93593 77962 305487 1140 50484 41006 276430 1900 94793 78996 306122 1160 51602 41957 277403 1920 95995 80031 306751 1180 52724 42913 278361 1940 97197 81067 307374 1200 53848 43871 297307 1960 98401 82105 307992 1220 54977 44834 280238 1980 99606 83144 308604 1240 56108 45799 281158 2000 100804 84185 309210 1260 57244 46768 282066 2050 103835 86791 310701 1280 58381 47739 282962 2100 106864 89404 312160 1300 59522 48713 283847 2150 109898 92023 313589 1320 60666 49691 284722 2200 112939 94648 314988 1340 61813 50672 285586 2250 115984 97277 316356 1360 62963 51656 286439 2300 119035 99912 317695 1380 64116 52643 287283 2350 122091 102552 319011 1400 65271 53631 288106 2400 125152 105197 320302 1420 66427 54621 288934 2450 128219 107849 321566 1440 67586 55614 289743 2500 131290 110504 322808 1460 68748 56609 290542 2550 134368 113166 324026 1480 66911 57606 291333 2600 137449 115832 325222 1500 71078 58606 292114 2650 140533 118500 326396 1520 72246 59609 292888 2700 143620 121172 327549 1540 73417 60613 292654 2750 146713 123849 328684 1560 74590 61620 294411 2800 149808 126528 329800 1580 76767 62630 295161 2850 152908 129212 330896 1600 76944 63741 295901 2900 156009 131898 331975 1620 78123 64653 296632 2950 159117 134589 333037 1640 79303 65668 297356 3000 162226 137283 334084 1660 80486 66592 298072 3050 165341 139982 335114 1680 81670 67702 298781 3100 168456 142681 336126 1700 82856 68721 299482 3150 171576 145385 337124 1720 84043 69742 300177 3200 174695 148089 338109 1740 85231 70764 300863 3250 177822 150801 339069 Appendix 1 943 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 943 TABLE A 21 Idealgas properties of carbon monoxide CO T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmol K K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 0 0 0 0 600 17611 12622 218204 220 6391 4562 188683 610 17915 12843 218708 230 6683 4771 189980 620 18221 13066 219205 240 6975 4979 191221 630 18527 13289 219695 250 7266 5188 192411 640 18833 13512 220179 260 7558 5396 193554 650 19141 13736 220656 270 7849 5604 194654 660 19449 13962 221127 280 8140 5812 195713 670 19758 14187 221592 290 8432 6020 196735 680 20068 14414 222052 298 8669 6190 197543 690 20378 14641 222505 300 8723 6229 197723 700 20690 14870 222953 310 9014 6437 198678 710 21002 15099 223396 320 9306 6645 199603 720 21315 15328 223833 330 9597 6854 200500 730 21628 15558 224265 340 9889 7062 201371 740 21943 15789 224692 350 10181 7271 202217 750 22258 16022 225115 360 10473 7480 203040 760 22573 16255 225533 370 10765 7689 203842 770 22890 16488 225947 380 11058 7899 204622 780 23208 16723 226357 390 11351 8108 205383 790 23526 16957 226762 400 11644 8319 206125 800 23844 17193 227162 410 11938 8529 206850 810 24164 17429 227559 420 12232 8740 207549 820 24483 17665 227952 430 12526 8951 208252 830 24803 17902 228339 440 12821 9163 208929 840 25124 18140 228724 450 13116 9375 209593 850 25446 18379 229106 460 13412 9587 210243 860 25768 18617 229482 470 13708 9800 210880 870 26091 18858 229856 480 14005 10014 211504 880 26415 19099 230227 490 14302 10228 212117 890 26740 19341 230593 500 14600 10443 212719 900 27066 19583 230957 510 14898 10658 213310 910 27392 19826 231317 520 15197 10874 213890 920 27719 20070 231674 530 15497 11090 214460 930 28046 20314 232028 540 15797 11307 215020 940 28375 20559 232379 550 16097 11524 215572 950 28703 20805 232727 560 16399 11743 216115 960 29033 21051 233072 570 16701 11961 216649 970 29362 21298 233413 580 17003 12181 217175 980 29693 21545 233752 590 17307 12401 217693 990 30024 21793 234088 944 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 944 TABLE A21 Idealgas properties of carbon monoxide CO Concluded T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmol K K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 1000 30355 22041 234421 1760 56756 42123 253991 1020 31020 22540 235079 1780 57473 42673 254398 1040 31688 23041 235728 1800 58191 43225 254797 1060 32357 23544 236364 1820 58910 43778 255194 1080 33029 24049 236992 1840 59629 44331 255587 1100 33702 24557 237609 1860 60351 44886 255976 1120 34377 25065 238217 1880 61072 45441 256361 1140 35054 25575 238817 1900 61794 45997 256743 1160 35733 26088 239407 1920 62516 46552 257122 1180 36406 26602 239989 1940 63238 47108 257497 1200 37095 27118 240663 1960 63961 47665 257868 1220 37780 27637 241128 1980 64684 48221 258236 1240 38466 28426 241686 2000 65408 48780 258600 1260 39154 28678 242236 2050 67224 50179 259494 1280 39844 29201 242780 2100 69044 51584 260370 1300 40534 29725 243316 2150 70864 52988 261226 1320 41226 30251 243844 2200 72688 54396 262065 1340 41919 30778 244366 2250 74516 55809 262887 1360 42613 31306 244880 2300 76345 57222 263692 1380 43309 31836 245388 2350 78178 58640 264480 1400 44007 32367 245889 2400 80015 60060 265253 1420 44707 32900 246385 2450 81852 61482 266012 1440 45408 33434 246876 2500 83692 62906 266755 1460 46110 33971 247360 2550 85537 64335 267485 1480 46813 34508 247839 2600 87383 65766 268202 1500 47517 35046 248312 2650 89230 67197 268905 1520 48222 35584 248778 2700 91077 68628 269596 1540 48928 36124 249240 2750 92930 70066 270285 1560 49635 36665 249695 2800 94784 71504 270943 1580 50344 37207 250147 2850 96639 72945 271602 1600 51053 37750 250592 2900 98495 74383 272249 1620 51763 38293 251033 2950 100352 75825 272884 1640 52472 38837 251470 3000 102210 77267 273508 1660 53184 39382 251901 3050 104073 78715 274123 1680 53895 39927 252329 3100 105939 80164 274730 1700 54609 40474 252751 3150 107802 81612 275326 1720 55323 41023 253169 3200 109667 83061 275914 1740 56039 41572 253582 3250 111534 84513 276494 Appendix 1 945 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 945 TABLE A22 Idealgas properties of hydrogen H2 T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmol K K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 0 0 0 0 1440 42808 30835 177410 260 7370 5209 126636 1480 44091 31786 178291 270 7657 5412 127719 1520 45384 32746 179153 280 7945 5617 128765 1560 46683 33713 179995 290 8233 5822 129775 1600 47990 34687 180820 298 8468 5989 130574 1640 49303 35668 181632 300 8522 6027 130754 1680 50622 36654 182428 320 9100 6440 132621 1720 51947 37646 183208 340 9680 6853 134378 1760 53279 38645 183973 360 10262 7268 136039 1800 54618 39652 184724 380 10843 7684 137612 1840 55962 40663 185463 400 11426 8100 139106 1880 57311 41680 186190 420 12010 8518 140529 1920 58668 42705 186904 440 12594 8936 141888 1960 60031 43735 187607 460 13179 9355 143187 2000 61400 44771 188297 480 13764 9773 144432 2050 63119 46074 189148 500 14350 10193 145628 2100 64847 47386 189979 520 14935 10611 146775 2150 66584 48708 190796 560 16107 11451 148945 2200 68328 50037 191598 600 17280 12291 150968 2250 70080 51373 192385 640 18453 13133 152863 2300 71839 52716 193159 680 19630 13976 154645 2350 73608 54069 193921 720 20807 14821 156328 2400 75383 55429 194669 760 21988 15669 157923 2450 77168 56798 195403 800 23171 16520 159440 2500 78960 58175 196125 840 24359 17375 160891 2550 80755 59554 196837 880 25551 18235 162277 2600 82558 60941 197539 920 26747 19098 163607 2650 84368 62335 198229 960 27948 19966 164884 2700 86186 63737 198907 1000 29154 20839 166114 2750 88008 65144 199575 1040 30364 21717 167300 2800 89838 66558 200234 1080 31580 22601 168449 2850 91671 67976 200885 1120 32802 23490 169560 2900 93512 69401 201527 1160 34028 24384 170636 2950 95358 70831 202157 1200 35262 25284 171682 3000 97211 72268 202778 1240 36502 26192 172698 3050 99065 73707 203391 1280 37749 27106 173687 3100 100926 75152 203995 1320 39002 28027 174652 3150 102793 76604 204592 1360 40263 28955 175593 3200 104667 78061 205181 1400 41530 29889 176510 3250 106545 79523 205765 946 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 946 TABLE A23 Idealgas properties of water vapor H2O T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmol K K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 0 0 0 0 600 20402 15413 212920 220 7295 5466 178576 610 20765 15693 213529 230 7628 5715 180054 620 21130 15975 214122 240 7961 5965 181471 630 21495 16257 214707 250 8294 6215 182831 640 21862 16541 215285 260 8627 6466 184139 650 22230 16826 215856 270 8961 6716 185399 660 22600 17112 216419 280 9296 6968 186616 670 22970 17399 216976 290 9631 7219 187791 680 23342 17688 217527 298 9904 7425 188720 690 23714 17978 218071 300 9966 7472 188928 700 24088 18268 218610 310 10302 7725 190030 710 24464 18561 219142 320 10639 7978 191098 720 24840 18854 219668 330 10976 8232 192136 730 25218 19148 220189 340 11314 8487 193144 740 25597 19444 220707 350 11652 8742 194125 750 25977 19741 221215 360 11992 8998 195081 760 26358 20039 221720 370 12331 9255 196012 770 26741 20339 222221 380 12672 9513 196920 780 27125 20639 222717 390 13014 9771 197807 790 27510 20941 223207 400 13356 10030 198673 800 27896 21245 223693 410 13699 10290 199521 810 28284 21549 224174 420 14043 10551 200350 820 28672 21855 224651 430 14388 10813 201160 830 29062 22162 225123 440 14734 11075 201955 840 29454 22470 225592 450 15080 11339 202734 850 29846 22779 226057 460 15428 11603 203497 860 30240 23090 226517 470 15777 11869 204247 870 30635 23402 226973 480 16126 12135 204982 880 31032 23715 227426 490 16477 12403 205705 890 31429 24029 227875 500 16828 12671 206413 900 31828 24345 228321 510 17181 12940 207112 910 32228 24662 228763 520 17534 13211 207799 920 32629 24980 229202 530 17889 13482 208475 930 33032 25300 229637 540 18245 13755 209139 940 33436 25621 230070 550 18601 14028 209795 950 33841 25943 230499 560 18959 14303 210440 960 34247 26265 230924 570 19318 14579 211075 970 34653 26588 231347 580 19678 14856 211702 980 35061 26913 231767 590 20039 15134 212320 990 35472 27240 232184 Appendix 1 947 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 947 TABLE A23 Idealgas properties of water vapor H2O Concluded T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmol K K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 1000 35882 27568 232597 1760 70535 55902 258151 1020 36709 28228 233415 1780 71523 56723 258708 1040 37542 28895 234223 1800 72513 57547 259262 1060 38380 29567 235020 1820 73507 58375 259811 1080 39223 30243 235806 1840 74506 59207 260357 1100 40071 30925 236584 1860 75506 60042 260898 1120 40923 31611 237352 1880 76511 60880 261436 1140 41780 32301 238110 1900 77517 61720 261969 1160 42642 32997 238859 1920 78527 62564 262497 1180 43509 33698 239600 1940 79540 63411 263022 1200 44380 34403 240333 1960 80555 64259 263542 1220 45256 35112 241057 1980 81573 65111 264059 1240 46137 35827 241773 2000 82593 65965 264571 1260 47022 36546 242482 2050 85156 68111 265838 1280 47912 37270 243183 2100 87735 70275 267081 1300 48807 38000 243877 2150 90330 72454 268301 1320 49707 38732 244564 2200 92940 74649 269500 1340 50612 39470 245243 2250 95562 76855 270679 1360 51521 40213 245915 2300 98199 79076 271839 1380 52434 40960 246582 2350 100846 81308 272978 1400 53351 41711 247241 2400 103508 83553 274098 1420 54273 42466 247895 2450 106183 85811 275201 1440 55198 43226 248543 2500 108868 88082 276286 1460 56128 43989 249185 2550 111565 90364 277354 1480 57062 44756 249820 2600 114273 92656 278407 1500 57999 45528 250450 2650 116991 94958 279441 1520 58942 46304 251074 2700 119717 97269 280462 1540 59888 47084 251693 2750 122453 99588 281464 1560 60838 47868 252305 2800 125198 101917 282453 1580 61792 48655 252912 2850 127952 104256 283429 1600 62748 49445 253513 2900 130717 106605 284390 1620 63709 50240 254111 2950 133486 108959 285338 1640 64675 51039 254703 3000 136264 111321 286273 1660 65643 51841 255290 3050 139051 113692 287194 1680 66614 52646 255873 3100 141846 116072 288102 1700 67589 53455 256450 3150 144648 118458 288999 1720 68567 54267 257022 3200 147457 120851 289884 1740 69550 55083 257589 3250 150272 123250 290756 948 Thermodynamics cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 948 TABLE A24 Idealgas properties of monatomic oxygen O T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmol K K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 0 0 0 0 2400 50894 30940 204932 298 6852 4373 160944 2450 51936 31566 205362 300 6892 4398 161079 2500 52979 32193 205783 500 11197 7040 172088 2550 54021 32820 206196 1000 21713 13398 186678 2600 55064 33447 206601 1500 32150 19679 195143 2650 56108 34075 206999 1600 34234 20931 196488 2700 57152 34703 207389 1700 36317 22183 197751 2750 58196 35332 207772 1800 38400 23434 198941 2800 59241 35961 208148 1900 40482 24685 200067 2850 60286 36590 208518 2000 42564 25935 201135 2900 61332 37220 208882 2050 43605 26560 201649 2950 62378 37851 209240 2100 44646 27186 202151 3000 63425 38482 209592 2150 45687 27811 202641 3100 65520 39746 210279 2200 46728 28436 203119 3200 67619 41013 210945 2250 47769 29062 203588 3300 69720 42283 211592 2300 48811 29688 204045 3400 71824 43556 212220 2350 49852 30314 204493 3500 73932 44832 212831 TABLE A25 Idealgas properties of hydroxyl OH T h u s T h u s K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmol K K kJkmol kJkmol kJkmolK 0 0 0 0 2400 77015 57061 248628 298 9188 6709 183594 2450 78801 58431 249364 300 9244 6749 183779 2500 80592 59806 250088 500 15181 11024 198955 2550 82388 61186 250799 1000 30123 21809 219624 2600 84189 62572 251499 1500 46046 33575 232506 2650 85995 63962 252187 1600 49358 36055 234642 2700 87806 65358 252864 1700 52706 38571 236672 2750 89622 66757 253530 1800 56089 41123 238606 2800 91442 68162 254186 1900 59505 43708 240453 2850 93266 69570 254832 2000 62952 46323 242221 2900 95095 70983 255468 2050 64687 47642 243077 2950 96927 72400 256094 2100 66428 48968 243917 3000 98763 73820 256712 2150 68177 50301 244740 3100 102447 76673 257919 2200 69932 51641 245547 3200 106145 79539 259093 2250 71694 52987 246338 3300 109855 82418 260235 2300 73462 54339 247116 3400 113578 85309 261347 2350 75236 55697 247879 3500 117312 88212 262429 Appendix 1 949 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 949 TABLE A26 Enthalpy of formation Gibbs function of formation and absolute entropy at 25C 1 atm Substance Formula kjkmol kjkmol kjkmol K Carbon Cs 0 0 574 Hydrogen H2g 0 0 13068 Nitrogen N2g 0 0 19161 Oxygen O2g 0 0 20504 Carbon monoxide COg 110530 137150 19765 Carbon dioxide CO2g 393520 394360 21380 Water vapor H2Og 241820 228590 18883 Water H2Oℓ 285830 237180 6992 Hydrogen peroxide H2O2g 136310 105600 23263 Ammonia NH3g 46190 16590 19233 Methane CH4g 74850 50790 18616 Acetylene C2H2g 226730 209170 20085 Ethylene C2H4g 52280 68120 21983 Ethane C2H6g 84680 32890 22949 Propylene C3H6g 20410 62720 26694 Propane C3H8g 103850 23490 26991 nButane C4H10g 126150 15710 31012 nOctane C8H18g 208450 16530 46673 nOctane C8H18ℓ 249950 6610 36079 nDodecane C12H26g 291010 50150 62283 Benzene C6H6g 82930 129660 26920 Methyl alcohol CH3OHg 200670 162000 23970 Methyl alcohol CH3OHℓ 238660 166360 12680 Ethyl alcohol C2H5OHg 235310 168570 28259 Ethyl alcohol C2H5OHℓ 277690 174890 16070 Oxygen Og 249190 231770 16106 Hydrogen Hg 218000 203290 11472 Nitrogen Ng 472650 455510 15330 Hydroxyl OHg 39460 34280 18370 Source From JANAF Thermochemical Tables Midland MI Dow Chemical Co 1971 Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties NBS Technical Note 2703 1968 and API Research Project 44 Carnegie Press 1953 TABLE A27 Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons Fuel phase Formula Molar mass kgkmol Density1 kgL Enthalpy of vaporization2 kJkg Specific heat1 cp kJkg K Higher heating value3 kJkg Lower heating value3 kJkg Carbon s C 12011 2 0708 32800 32800 Hydrogen g H2 2016 144 141800 120000 Carbon monoxide g CO 28013 105 10100 10100 Methane g CH4 16043 509 220 55530 50050 Methanol ℓ CH4O 32042 0790 1168 253 22660 19920 Acetylene g C2H2 26038 169 49970 48280 Ethane g C2H6 30070 172 175 51900 47520 Ethanol ℓ C2H6O 46069 0790 919 244 29670 26810 Propane ℓ C3H8 44097 0500 335 277 50330 46340 Butane ℓ C4H10 58123 0579 362 242 49150 45370 1Pentene ℓ C5H10 70134 0641 363 220 47760 44630 Isopentane ℓ C5H12 72150 0626 232 48570 44910 Benzene ℓ C6H6 78114 0877 433 172 41800 40100 Hexene ℓ C6H12 84161 0673 392 184 47500 44400 Hexane ℓ C6H14 86177 0660 366 227 48310 44740 Toluene ℓ C7H8 92141 0867 412 171 42400 40500 Heptane ℓ C7H16 100204 0684 365 224 48100 44600 Octane ℓ C8H18 114231 0703 363 223 47890 44430 Decane ℓ C10H22 142285 0730 361 221 47640 44240 Gasoline ℓ CnH187n 100110 072078 350 24 47300 44000 Light diesel ℓ CnH18n 170 078084 270 22 46100 43200 Heavy diesel ℓ CnH17n 200 082088 230 19 45500 42800 Natural gas g CnH38nN01n 18 2 50000 45000 1At 1 atm and 20C 2At 25C for liquid fuels and 1 atm and normal boiling temperature for gaseous fuels 3At 25C Multiply by molar mass to obtain heating values in kJkmol TABLE A28 Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant Kp The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction νAA νBB νCC νDD is defined as Kp PCvC PDvD PAvA PΒvB Temp K H2 2H O2 2Ο N2 2Ν H2O H2 12O2 H2O 12H2 OH CO2 CO 12O2 12N2 12O2 NO 298 164005 186975 367480 92208 106208 103762 35052 500 92827 105630 213372 52691 60281 57616 20295 1000 39803 45150 99127 23163 26034 23529 9388 1200 30874 35005 80011 18182 20283 17871 7569 1400 24463 27742 66329 14609 16099 13842 6270 1600 19637 22285 56055 11921 13066 10830 5294 1800 15866 18030 48051 9826 10657 8497 4536 2000 12840 14622 41645 8145 8728 6635 3931 2200 10353 11827 36391 6768 7148 5120 3433 2400 8276 9497 32011 5619 5832 3860 3019 2600 6517 7521 28304 4648 4719 2801 2671 2800 5002 5826 25117 3812 3763 1894 2372 3000 3685 4357 22359 3086 2937 1111 2114 3200 2534 3072 19937 2451 2212 0429 1888 3400 1516 1935 17800 1891 1576 0169 1690 3600 0609 0926 15898 1392 1088 0701 1513 3800 0202 0019 14199 0945 0501 1176 1356 4000 0934 0796 12660 0542 0044 1599 1216 4500 2486 2513 9414 0312 0920 2490 0921 5000 3725 3895 6807 0996 1689 3197 0686 5500 4743 5023 4666 1560 2318 3771 0497 6000 5590 5963 2865 2032 2843 4245 0341 Source Gordon J Van Wylen and Richard E Sonntag Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics EnglishSI Version 3rd ed New York John Wiley Sons 1986 p723 table A14 Based on thermodynamic data given in JANAF Thermochemical Tables Midland MI Thermal Research Laboratory The Dow Chemical Company 1971 Appendix 1 953 FIGURE A29 Generalized enthalpy departure chart Source John R Howell and Richard O Buckius Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics SI Version New York McGrawHill 1987 p 558 fig C2 and p 561 fig C5 TR 090 090 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 05 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 01 02 03 04 05 10 20 30 4050 10 20 30 hideal h RuTcr Enthalpy departure Zh hideal h RTcr hideal h RuTcr Enthalpy departure Zh hideal h RTcr Reduced pressure PR 075 075 080 080 085 085 090 090 092 092 094 094 096 096 098 098 050 050 055 055 060 060 065 065 070 070 075 075 080 080 085 085 090 090 092 092 094 094 096 096 098 098 100 100 100 100 102 102 104 104 106 106 108 108 110 110 110 110 115 115 125 125 120 120 120 120 140 140 160 160 180 180 170 170 150 150 150 150 130 130 130 130 280 280 260 260 240 240 220 220 200 200 200 200 190 190 300 300 400 400 090 090 095 095 TR Saturated vapor Saturated vapor Saturated liquid Saturated liquid 050 055 060 065 070 075 080 085 090 092 094 096 098 100 110 075 080 085 090 092 094 096 098 100 102 104 106 108 110 115 125 120 120 140 160 180 170 150 150 130 130 280 260 240 220 200 200 190 300 400 090 095 TR PR 080 080 100 100 110 110 120 120 140 140 160 160 200 200 Saturated vapour Saturated vapour 080 TR 090 100 110 120 140 160 200 0 005 010 015 020 025 030 0000 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 Saturated vapor Saturated vapor Saturated liquid cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 953 954 Thermodynamics 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 01 02 03 0405 10 20 30 4050 10 20 30 sideal s Ru Entropy departure Zs sideal s R Entropy departure sideal s Ru sideal s R Reduced pressure PR 050 050 055 055 060 060 065 065 070 070 075 075 075 075 080 080 080 080 085 085 085 085 090 090 090 090 092 092 092 092 094 094 094 094 094 094 096 096 096 096 098 098 098 098 098 098 100 100 100 100 102 102 102 102 104 104 104 104 106 106 106 106 108 108 110 110 110 110 115 115 120 120 120 120 130 130 140 140 140 140 150 150 160 160 160 160 180 180 200 200 250 250 300 300 095 095 090 090 Saturated gas Saturated gas Tr 050 055 060 065 070 075 075 080 080 085 085 090 090 092 092 094 094 094 096 096 098 098 098 100 100 102 102 104 104 106 106 108 110 110 115 120 120 130 140 140 150 160 160 180 200 250 300 095 090 Saturated liquid TR PR 080 080 TR 090 090 100 100 110 110 120 120 140 140 160 160 200 200 Saturated vapour Saturated vapour 080 TR 090 100 110 120 140 160 200 0 005 010 015 020 025 030 0000 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500 Saturated vapor Saturated vapor Saturated vapor Saturated vapor Zs FIGURE A30 Generalized entropy departure chart Source John R Howell and Richard O Buckius Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics SI Version New York McGrawHill 1987 p 559 fig C3 and p 561 fig C5 cen84959ch18ap01qxd 81106 121 PM Page 954