Introdução aos Padrões ASABE e Sua Aplicabilidade

STANDARD ASABE is a professional and technical organization of members worldwide who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural food and biological systems ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society principally agricultural field equipment farmstead equipment structures soil and water resource management turf and landscape equipment forest engineering food and process engineering electric power applications plant and animal environment and waste management NOTE ASABE Standards Engineering Practices and Data are informational and advisory only Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attrib utable to the application of ASABE Standards Engineering Practices and Data Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances laws and regulations Prospective users are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents ASABE Standards Engineering Practices and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as ASAE regardless of the revision approval date Newly developed Standards Engineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as ASABE Standards designated as ANSI are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process consensus and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE Consensus is established when in the judgment of theANSI Board of Standards Review substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority but not necessarily unanimity Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution CAUTION NOTICE ASABE andANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time Additionally procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm revise or withdraw each standard Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers All rights reserved ASABE 2950 Niles Road St Joseph MI 490859659 USA ph 2694290300 fax 2694293852 hqasabeorg ASAE S491 APR1992 R2008 Graphic Symbols for Pressurized Irrigation System Design ASAE S491 APR1992 R2008 Graphic Symbols for Pressurized Irrigation System Design Developed by the ASAE Graphic Symbols Standardization Committee of the ASAE Soil and Water Division Irrigation Group approved by the ASAE Soil and Water Division Standards Committee adopted by ASAE April 1992 reaffirmed December 1996 December 1997 December 1998 December 1999 revised editorially March 2000 reaffirmed January 2001 December 2001 February 2003 February 2008 Keywords Irrigation Symbols 1 Purpose and scope 11 The purpose of this Standard is to establish a common set of symbols that represent equipment components and can be used in the design and planning of pressurized irrigation systems Standardization of the graphic symbols makes irrigation plans and drawings more descriptive and easily understood 12 Some irrigation systems may require the use of equipment for which this Standard does not provide a symbol It is not the intent of this Standard to restrict or inhibit the creation andor use of additional symbols that may be required by individual circumstances 13 Symbols have not been included for items such as irrigation machines ie center pivots moving lateral traveler etc since these are manufactured irrigation systems 14 This Standard does not specify the size of the symbols used however the importance of legibility must be considered 2 General 21 Letters may be used in conjunction with the graphic symbols to denote differences in a component such as type model pattern nozzle popup height size etc When there is only one model of a component used in a system the letter symbol may be omitted In the example symbol X denotes a particular type of irrigation fixture if D then an automatic drain valve is represented see paragraph 36 and Y would be any letter A to Z that would be referenced to the drawing legend 22 Drawing legend 221 The drawing legend shall identify all symbols and give information necessary for procurement 222 When symbols are used with identification letters all symbols for the same type of component shall be grouped together and arranged alphabetically 23 Additional information may be used with symbols for clarity For example for an automatic pressure regulating valve see paragraph 351 the input and output pressures and direction of flow could be included as shown 24 Lines extending from the symbols are not intended to be part of the symbol but are included for clarity 3 Definitions and symbols 31 Sprinkler 311 rotary sprinkler A mechanically driven sprinkler including but not limited to stationary or popup gear drive arm drive reaction drive and ball drive For sprinklers having a selection of nozzles supplied to the contractor the desired nozzle size shall be noted beside the symbol or in the drawing legend 312 spray type sprinkler Any fixed pattern spray device including those having continuous coverage of a defined arcuate area and those having multiple streams distributed over a defined area 32 bubbler A device for emitting a continuous low velocity water delivery to create a locally wetted area 33 emitter A device used to apply water to a specific point of application in the form of drops or continuous flow at rates not exceeding 15 Lh except during flushing 34 control valve A valve used to initiate andor terminate the flow of water in an irrigation system 341 Automatic control valve 342 Manual control valve 35 pressure regulating valve A valve used to reduce the hydraulic pressure in a specific part of an irrigation system 351 Automatic pressure regulating valve 352 Manual pressure regulating valve 36 automatic drain valve A valve which is normally open and automatically closes with the application of pressure at or above a ASAE S491 APR1992 R2008 ASABE STANDARDS 2008 1 defined value and returns to the open condition when pressure decreases to less than the defined value 37 atmospheric vacuum breaker A device which automatically opens to atmosphere when the pressure in the irrigation system decreases to atmospheric pressure or less 38 automatic air vent A device which discharges air from a system but automatically closes to prevent discharging water 39 pressure relief valve A normally closed valve which opens automatically at a preset pressure and is used to limit the pressure in a system by discharging water when the desired pressure would otherwise be exceeded 310 quick coupler A coupling commonly used to attach a sprinkler andor piping to an irrigation supply line This device includes members that are easily connected and disconnected and may or may not include automatic valving to permit water flow to the coupled sprinkler but prevent water flow when the sprinkler is removed 311 check valve A valve which permits water to flow in one specified direction ie from inlet to outlet 312 back flow preventer A device used to prevent water flow from the delivery area back to the pressure source The arrow is shown for reference purposes but need not be included in the system drawing 313 pump A mechanical device used to supply irrigation water under pressure 314 filter A device used primarily to remove suspended particulate material from irrigation water such material is generally too small to be removed by a strainer 315 strainer A mechanical grid having openings of a specified size used to remove solid material of sizes larger than the opening size which may be present in the irrigation water 316 water meter An instrument for measuring irrigation water either as a volume delivered andor as a flow rate at which water is being delivered 317 controller A device used to automatically start and stop the operation of an irrigation system or discrete sections of an irrigation system Reference numbers andor letters may be used as desired 318 Line specifications 3181 Topographical contour lines where number denotes elevation of contour line 672 672 Number in may be used without contour line to show spot elevation 3182 Piping Potable water W Reclaimed water RW Fire department water F Sanitary sewer S Storm sewer SD Gas line G Hydraulic control line H 31821 pipe specifications The example indicates pipe type T nominal pipe diameter D and flow rate Q 3183 Electric wiring Electric power line 240 VAC The example shows 240 V Low voltage electric control lines EC Telephone T Television cable TV 3184 Pipes and wires crossing with and without connection 319 special components All special or unusual components shall be specified by this symbol using letters as required Examples of special components would include moisture sensors weather stations hydrants and chemical injector valves ASAE S491 APR1992 R2008 2 ASABE STANDARDS 2008