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after they had expended substantial time and effort to obtain them.\n\nCROW, T. R. 1976. Biomass and production regressions for trees and woody shrubs common to the Enterprise Forest.\nIn The enterprise radiation course: radiological studies. Edited by I. Zuzakivskis. U.S. Energy Res. Dev. Adm. Rep. TDB-2113-72, pp. 63-67.\n\n1978. Common regressions to estimate tree biomass in tropical stands. For. Sci. 24: 110-114.\n\nFOWELLS, H. A. 1965. Species of forest trees of the United States. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. No. 271.\n\nGODSHALL, L. J., and W. HOCKER, J. B. 1978. Preliminary small-tree belowground biomass data for five northern hardwoods. Univ. N.H. Agr. Exp. Stn. Res. Rep. No. 68.\n\nGRANDFY, J. B., and H. E. L. ELIAS. 1974. Potential of wood for producing energy. J. For. 72: 952-956.\n\nGERARD, D. C., and D. F. GIORGI. 1978. Ge neralized biomass estimation equations for jack pine. Minn. For. Notes No. 256.\n\nJOEHL, E. J., A. C. SHANNON, and E. H. WATTE. 1981. Biomass and nutrient equations for mature jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb. For. Res. 12: 193-198.\n\nMACLEAN, D. A., and R. W. WENK. 1976. Biomass of jack pine and mixed hardwoods in northeastern New Bruns\n\nWENIBERGER, P. and C. BUTRON. 1981. The effect of sonication on the growth of some tree seeds. Can. J. For. Res. 11: 840-844. Des graines sèches à l'air, du pin gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), du pin rouge (P. resinosa Ait.), du mélèze européen (Larix europaea L.), de l'épinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) ont été soumises à des ultrasons d one à 1 MHz pendant une durée de 30 min sous trois intensités d'ultrasons variant de 0,5 à 0,6 W/cm². La germination obtenue a été évaluée en pourcentage de germination (MDG), ainsi que les valeurs de la vitesse de germination (GV). Les graines ont été semées de façon égale dans les différents traitements. Les taux de germination des autres espèces d'arbres n'ont été affectés par ces traitements ultrasoniques. Les\ngraines de pin gris ont également été soumises à des ultrasons à 25, 50, 100, 250 et 750 kHz à une intensité de 0,5 à 1,0 W/cm². Aucun de ces traitements n'a modifié le processus de germination.\n\nLa croissance subséquente des plantules a été mesurée jusqu'à 14 jours de croissance. Les plantules de pin gris, seules, soumises à des ultrasons à 1 MHz, ont significativement plus de plantules dans le groupe de taille plus grande par rapport aux plantules non traitées. FIG. 1. Apparatus used for seed sonication. Seeds housed in a stainless steel tank.\n\nof distilled water was added. Treated and control dishes of each treatment set were then placed in environmental growth rooms. Each species was germinated under optimal conditions (24, 25, 26). Germination was assumed to have taken place when the root tip pierced the seed coat.\n\nThe completion of germination and seedling size were monitored and measured in the environmental room in which the seeds were housed. The seeds were viewed under a micro-scope fitted with a micrometer eye piece. One-hundred seeds were used for each treatment set (50 sonic and 50 control).\nThe experiments, conducted at 1 MHz, were repeated 10 times for jack pine, red pine, and tamarack and 5 times for white spruce at different times in the April-September 1979 period. The experiments, conducted at 25-750 kHz, were repeated six times for each treatment of jack pine seeds. For each treatment set, the data were analyzed for population homogeneity (3) and then analyzed by the Student T-test.\n\nResults\n\nGermination\n\nJack pine\n\nGermination was solely increased following sonication at 1 MHz. The germinative value (GV) (5) which is a composite of peak value germination and mean daily germination (MDG), expressing both relative vigor and length of test period, was significantly increased. The mean daily germination (MDG) which is the mean value for the number of seeds germinating each day was also higher for the treated seeds (Tables 1 and 2). The significant increases in germination in the treated seeds were observed between 48 and 72 h post-imbibition. TABLE 1. Percent mean germination of sonicated and control jack pine seeds (28 days)\n Time from % mean germination ± SE\n imbibition, h Control* Sonicated* Two-tailed P\n 48 2±4 1.5 0.14\n 54 22±17 49.2 4.004\n 58 32.18±16 56.16 2.9 0.004\n 64 36.12±17 63.2 2.9 0.004\n 72 73.87±9 83.3 2.4 0.018\n 78 89.8±10 90.2 0.82\nNOTE: Treatment: MLT, 0.5-1.0 W/cm2, 30 min., N = 300, to the nearest decimal point.\n*Adjusted to homogeneity test (2).\n†Student t-test.\n\nTABLE 2. Germination values for sonicated and control jack pine seeds (28 days)\n Control Sonicated\n Mean daily germination (MDG) 18 29\n Peak Value germination (PV) 21 28\n Germination value (GV) 419 544\n\nTABLE 3. Effect of 1 MHz sonication on the seedling growth of 8- and 14-day post-germination jack pine seedlings.\n N = 300\n Seeding Size Range* Seeding treatment + SF\n age, days Control Sonicated\n 0-8 0.1±0.3 0.3±0.1\n 8-10 0.25±0.52 0.52±0.9\n 14-15 0.2±0.18 0.31±0.6\n 15-20 1.1±0.4 0.57±0.7\n 21-30 1.4±6.4 1.3±2.9\n 31-50 777±99 832±93.9\n >50 538.83±113.9 1697±91.8\n*Estimated size of seedlings in mm.\n**Significant at the 99% level.\n\nthe same lot is often very large. Such variability may be related to the seed vigor (11), seed size (16), and to a diverse range of environmental changes to which the collected seeds may have been subjected from the time of collection to eventual use in an experiment (21). Conventional methods of evaluating results of germination tests can lead to anomalous conclusions if researchers use different test periods to assess the effects of treatments; this is especially the case where germination tests are not graphically plotted but are solely interpreted on a statistical basis. Ideally, each lot of treatment should be assigned a numerical value which takes into account both speed and totality of germina- TABLE 1. Percent mean germination of sonicated and control jack pine seeds (28 days)\n Time from % mean germination ± SE\n imbibition, h Control* Sonicated* Two-tailed P\n 48 2±4 1.5 0.14\n 54 22±17 49.2 4.004\n 58 32.18±16 56.16 2.9 0.004\n 64 36.12±17 63.2 2.9 0.004\n 72 73.87±9 83.3 2.4 0.018\n 78 89.8±10 90.2 0.82\n\nNote: Treatment: MLT, 0.5-1.0 W/cm², 30 min., N = 300, to the nearest decimal point.\n*Adjusted to homogeneity test (2).\n†Student t-test.\n\nWelcome to the world of improved plant growth with scientific advancements. In this study, the effects of ultrasonic stimulation on seedling growth were examined, highlighting its potential benefits and showcasing the critical factors influencing seed germination rates. Understanding these variables can lead to enhanced agricultural practices and better crop yields.\n\nEnhancement of root and shoot growth is essential for maximizing plant health. As researchers continue to investigate and apply technological methods such as ultrasonic treatments, the future of smart farming looks promising. By embedding different methodologies and real-time data insights, we pave the path towards sustainable farming solutions and efficient resource management.