National Security Strategy 2022 - Visao Geral e Objetivos

NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OCTOBER 2022 October 12 2022 From the earliest days of my Presidency I have argued that our world is at an inflection point How we respond to the tremendous challenges and the unprecedented opportunities we face today will determine the direction of our world and impact the security and prosperity of the American people for generations to come The 2022 National Security Strategy outlines how my Administration will seize this decisive decade to advance Americas vital interests position the United States to outmaneuver our geopolitical competitors tackle shared challenges and set our world firmly on a path toward a brighter and more hopeful tomorrow Around the world the need for American leadership is as great as it has ever been We are in the midst of a strategic competition to shape the future of the international order Meanwhile shared challenges that impact people everywhere demand increased global cooperation and nations stepping up to their responsibilities at a moment when this has become more difficult In response the United States will lead with our values and we will work in lockstep with our allies and partners and with all those who share our interests We will not leave our future vulnerable to the whims of those who do not share our vision for a world that is free open prosperous and secure As the world continues to navigate the lingering impacts of the pandemic and global economic uncertainty there is no nation better positioned to lead with strength and purpose than the United States of America From the moment I took the oath of office my Administration has focused on investing in Americas core strategic advantages Our economy has added 10 million jobs and unemployment rates have reached near record lows Manufacturing jobs have come racing back to the United States Were rebuilding our economy from the bottom up and the middle out Weve made a generational investment to upgrade our Nations infrastructure and historic investments in innovation to sharpen our competitive edge for the future Around the world nations are seeing once again why its never a good bet to bet against the United States of America We have also reinvigorated Americas unmatched network of alliances and partnerships to uphold and strengthen the principles and institutions that have enabled so much stability prosperity and growth for the last 75 years We have deepened our core alliances in Europe and the IndoPacific NATO is stronger and more united than it has ever been as we look to welcome two capable new allies in Finland and Sweden We are doing more to connect our partners and strategies across regions through initiatives like our security partnership with Australia and the United Kingdom AUKUS And we are forging creative new ways to work in common cause with partners around issues of shared interest as we are with the European Union the IndoPacific Quad the IndoPacific Economic Framework and the Americas Partnership for Economic Prosperity These partnerships amplify our capacity to respond to shared challenges and take on the issues that directly impact billions of peoples lives If parents cannot feed their children nothing else matters When countries are repeatedly ravaged by climate disasters entire futures are wiped out And as we have all experienced when pandemic diseases proliferate and spread they can worsen inequities and bring the entire world to a standstill The United States will continue to prioritize leading the international response to these transnational challenges together with our partners even as we face down concerted efforts to remake the ways in which nations relate to one another In the contest for the future of our world my Administration is cleareyed about the scope and seriousness of this challenge The Peoples Republic of China harbors the intention and increasingly the capacity to reshape the international order in favor of one that tilts the global playing field to its benefit even as the United States remains committed to managing the competition between our countries responsibly Russias brutal and unprovoked war on its neighbor Ukraine has shattered peace in Europe and impacted stability everywhere and its reckless nuclear threats endanger the global nonproliferation regime Autocrats are working overtime to undermine democracy and export a model of governance marked by repression at home and coercion abroad These competitors mistakenly believe democracy is weaker than autocracy because they fail to understand that a nations power springs from its people The United States is strong abroad because we are strong at home Our economy is dynamic Our people are resilient and creative Our military remains unmatchedand we will keep it that way And it is our democracy that enables us to continually reimagine ourselves and renew our strength So the United States will continue to defend democracy around the world even as we continue to do the work at home to better live up to the idea of America enshrined in our founding documents We will continue to invest in boosting American competitiveness globally drawing dreamers and strivers from around the world We will partner with any nation that shares our basic belief that the rulesbased order must remain the foundation for global peace and prosperity And we will continue to demonstrate how Americas enduring leadership to address the challenges of today and tomorrow with vision and clarity is the best way to deliver for the American people This is a 360degree strategy grounded in the world as it is today laying out the future we seek and providing a roadmap for how we will achieve it None of this will be easy or without setbacks But I am more confident than ever that the United States has everything we need to win the competition for the 21st century We emerge stronger from every crisis There is nothing beyond our capacity We can do thisfor our future and for the world J N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 4 Table of Contents PART I THE COMPETITION FOR WHAT COMES NEXT 6 Our Enduring Vision 6 Our Enduring Role 7 The Nature of the Competition Between Democracies and Autocracies 8 Cooperating to Address Shared Challenges in an Era of Competition 9 Overview of Our Strategic Approach 10 PART II INVESTING IN OUR STRENGTH 14 Investing in Our National Power to Maintain a Competitive Edge 14 Implementing a Modern Industrial and Innovation Strategy 14 Investing In Our People 15 Strengthening Our Democracy 16 Using Diplomacy to Build the Strongest Possible Coalitions 16 Transformative Cooperation 16 An Inclusive World 18 A Prosperous World 19 Modernizing and Strengthening Our Military 20 PART III OUR GLOBAL PRIORITIES 23 OutCompeting China and Constraining Russia 23 China 23 Russia 25 Cooperating on Shared Challenges 27 Climate and Energy Security 27 Pandemics and Biodefense 28 Food Insecurity 29 Arms Control and NonProliferation 29 Terrorism 30 Shaping the Rules of the Road 32 Technology 32 Securing Cyberspace 34 Trade and Economics 34 PART IV OUR STRATEGY BY REGION 37 N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 5 Promote a Free and Open IndoPacific 37 Deepen Our Alliance with Europe 38 Foster Democracy and Shared Prosperity in the Western Hemisphere 40 Support DeEscalation and Integration in the Middle East 42 Build 21st Century USAfrica Partnerships 43 Maintain a Peaceful Arctic 44 Protect Sea Air and Space 45 PART V CONCLUSION 47 N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 6 PART I THE COMPETITION FOR WHAT COMES NEXT The world is changing Were at a significant inflection point in world history And our country and the worldthe United States of America has always been able to chart the future in times of great change Weve been able to constantly renew ourselves And time and again weve proven theres not a single thing we cannot do as a nation when we do it togetherand I mean thatnot a single solitary thing PRESIDENT JOSEPH R BIDEN JR United States Coast Guard Academys 140th Commencement Exercises Our Enduring Vision We are now in the early years of a decisive decade for America and the world The terms of geopolitical competition between the major powers will be set The window of opportunity to deal with shared threats like climate change will narrow drastically The actions we take now will shape whether this period is known as an age of conflict and discord or the beginning of a more stable and prosperous future We face two strategic challenges The first is that the postCold War era is definitively over and a competition is underway between the major powers to shape what comes next No nation is better positioned to succeed in this competition than the United States as long as we work in common cause with those who share our vision of a world that is free open secure and prosperous This means that the foundational principles of selfdetermination territorial integrity and political independence must be respected international institutions must be strengthened countries must be free to determine their own foreign policy choices information must be allowed to flow freely universal human rights must be upheld and the global economy must operate on a level playing field and provide opportunity for all The second is that while this competition is underway people all over the world are struggling to cope with the effects of shared challenges that cross borderswhether it is climate change food insecurity communicable diseases terrorism energy shortages or inflation These shared challenges are not marginal issues that are secondary to geopolitics They are at the very core of national and international security and must be treated as such By their very nature these challenges require governments to cooperate if they are to solve them But we must be cleareyed that we will have to tackle these challenges within a competitive international environment where heightening geopolitical competition nationalism and populism render this cooperation even more difficult and will require us to think and act in new ways N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 7 This National Security Strategy lays out our plan to achieve a better future of a free open secure and prosperous world Our strategy is rooted in our national interests to protect the security of the American people to expand economic prosperity and opportunity and to realize and defend the democratic values at the heart of the American way of life We can do none of this alone and we do not have to Most nations around the world define their interests in ways that are compatible with ours We will build the strongest and broadest possible coalition of nations that seek to cooperate with each other while competing with those powers that offer a darker vision and thwarting their efforts to threaten our interests Our Enduring Role The need for a strong and purposeful American role in the world has never been greater The world is becoming more divided and unstable Global increases in inflation since the COVID19 pandemic began have made life more difficult for many The basic laws and principles governing relations among nations including the United Nations Charter and the protection it affords all states from being invaded by their neighbors or having their borders redrawn by force are under attack The risk of conflict between major powers is increasing Democracies and autocracies are engaged in a contest to show which system of governance can best deliver for their people and the world Competition to develop and deploy foundational technologies that will transform our security and economy is intensifying Global cooperation on shared interests has frayed even as the need for that cooperation takes on existential importance The scale of these changes grows with each passing year as do the risks of inaction Although the international environment has become more contested the United States remains the worlds leading power Our economy our population our innovation and our military power continue to grow often outpacing those of other large countries Our inherent national strengthsthe ingenuity creativity resilience and determination of the American people our values diversity and democratic institutions our technological leadership and economic dynamism and our diplomatic corps development professionals intelligence community and our militaryremain unparalleled We are experienced in using and applying our power in combination with our allies and partners who add significantly to our own strengths We have learned lessons from our failures as well as our successes The idea that we should compete with major autocratic powers to shape the international order enjoys broad support that is bipartisan at home and deepening abroad The United States is a large and diverse democracy encompassing people from every corner of the world every walk of life every system of belief This means that our politics are not always smoothin fact theyre often the opposite We live at a moment of passionate political intensities and ferment that sometimes tears at the fabric of the nation But we dont shy away from that fact or use it as an excuse to retreat from the wider world We will continue to reckon openly and humbly with our divisions and we will work through our politics transparently and democratically We know that for all of the effort that it takes our democracy is worth it It is the only way to ensure that people are truly able to live lives of dignity and freedom This American project will never be completedemocracy is always a work in progressbut that will not stop us from defending our values and continuing to pursue our national security interests in the world The quality of our democracy at home affects the strength and credibility of our leadership abroadjust as the character of the world we inhabit affects our ability to enjoy security prosperity and freedom at home N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 8 Our rivals challenges are profound and mounting Their problems at both home and abroad are associated with the pathologies inherent in highly personalized autocracies and are less easily remedied than ours Conversely the United States has a tradition of transforming both domestic and foreign challenges into opportunities to spur reform and rejuvenation at home This is one reason that prophecies of American decline have repeatedly been disproven in the pastand why it has never been a good bet to bet against America We have always succeeded when we embrace an affirmative vision for the world that addresses shared challenges and combine it with the dynamism of our democracy and the determination to outcompete our rivals The Nature of the Competition Between Democracies and Autocracies The range of nations that supports our vision of a free open prosperous and secure world is broad and powerful It includes our democratic allies in Europe and the IndoPacific as well as key democratic partners around the world that share much of our vision for regional and international order even if they do not agree with us on all issues and countries that do not embrace democratic institutions but nevertheless depend upon and support a rulesbased international system Americans will support universal human rights and stand in solidarity with those beyond our shores who seek freedom and dignity just as we continue the critical work of ensuring equity and equal treatment under law at home We will work to strengthen democracy around the world because democratic governance consistently outperforms authoritarianism in protecting human dignity leads to more prosperous and resilient societies creates stronger and more reliable economic and security partners for the United States and encourages a peaceful world order In particular we will take steps to show that democracies delivernot only by ensuring the United States and its democratic partners lead on the hardest challenges of our time but by working with other democratic governments and the private sector to help emerging democracies show tangible benefits to their own populations We do not however believe that governments and societies everywhere must be remade in Americas image for us to be secure The most pressing strategic challenge facing our vision is from powers that layer authoritarian governance with a revisionist foreign policy It is their behavior that poses a challenge to international peace and stabilityespecially waging or preparing for wars of aggression actively undermining the democratic political processes of other countries leveraging technology and supply chains for coercion and repression and exporting an illiberal model of international order Many nondemocracies join the worlds democracies in forswearing these behaviors Unfortunately Russia and the Peoples Republic of China PRC do not Russia and the PRC pose different challenges Russia poses an immediate threat to the free and open international system recklessly flouting the basic laws of the international order today as its brutal war of aggression against Ukraine has shown The PRC by contrast is the only competitor with both the intent to reshape the international order and increasingly the economic diplomatic military and technological power to advance that objective Just as the United States and countries around the world benefited greatly from the postCold War international order so too did the PRC and Russia The PRCs economy and geopolitical influence grew rapidly Russia joined the G8 and G20 and recovered economically in the 2000s And yet they concluded that the success of a free and open rulesbased international order posed a threat to their regimes and stifled their ambitions In their own ways they now seek to remake N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 9 the international order to create a world conducive to their highly personalized and repressive type of autocracy Their pursuit of this vision is complicated by several factors The PRCs assertive behavior has caused other countries to push back and defend their sovereignty for their own legitimate reasons The PRC also retains common interests with other countries including the United States because of various interdependencies on climate economics and public health Russias strategic limitations have been exposed following its war of aggression against Ukraine Moscow also has some interest in cooperation with countries that do not share its vision especially in the global south As a result the United States and our allies and partners have an opportunity to shape the PRC and Russias external environment in a way that influences their behavior even as we compete with them Some parts of the world are uneasy with the competition between the United States and the worlds largest autocracies We understand these concerns We also want to avoid a world in which competition escalates into a world of rigid blocs We do not seek conflict or a new Cold War Rather we are trying to support every country regardless of size or strength in exercising the freedom to make choices that serve their interests This is a critical difference between our vision which aims to preserve the autonomy and rights of less powerful states and that of our rivals which does not Cooperating to Address Shared Challenges in an Era of Competition Heightened competition between democracies and autocracies is just one of two critical trends we face The other is shared challengesor what some call transnational challengesthat do not respect borders and affect all nations These two trends affect each othergeopolitical competition changes and often complicates the context in which shared challenges can be addressed while those problems often exacerbate geopolitical competition as we saw with the early phases of the COVID19 pandemic when the PRC was unwilling to cooperate with the international community We cannot succeed in our competition with the major powers who offer a different vision for the world if we do not have a plan to work with other nations to deal with shared challenges and we will not be able to do that unless we understand how a more competitive world affects cooperation and how the need for cooperation affects competition We need a strategy that not only deals with both but recognizes the relationship between them and adjusts accordingly Of all of the shared problems we face climate change is the greatest and potentially existential for all nations Without immediate global action during this crucial decade global temperatures will cross the critical warming threshold of 15 degrees Celsius after which scientists have warned some of the most catastrophic climate impacts will be irreversible Climate effects and humanitarian emergencies will only worsen in the years aheadfrom more powerful wildfires and hurricanes in the United States to flooding in Europe rising sea levels in Oceania water scarcity in the Middle East melting ice in the Arctic and drought and deadly temperatures in subSaharan Africa Tensions will further intensify as countries compete for resources and energy advantageincreasing humanitarian need food insecurity and health threats as well as the potential for instability conflict and mass migration The necessity to protect forests globally electrify the transportation sector redirect financial flows and create an energy revolution to head off the climate crisis is reinforced by the geopolitical imperative to reduce our collective dependence on states like Russia that seek to weaponize energy for coercion N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 10 It is not just climate change COVID19 has shown that transnational challenges can hit with the destructive force of major wars COVID19 has killed millions of people and damaged the livelihoods of hundreds of millions if not more It exposed the insufficiency of our global health architecture and supply chains widened inequality and wiped out many years of development progress It also weakened food systems brought humanitarian need to record levels and reinforced the need to redouble our efforts to reduce poverty and hunger and expand access to education in order to get back on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 Meanwhile communicable diseases like Ebola continue to reemerge and can only be dealt with if we act early and with other nations The pandemic has made clear the need for international leadership and action to create stronger more equitable and more resilient health systemsso that we can prevent or prepare for the next pandemic or health emergency before it starts The global economic challenges resulting from the COVID19 pandemic have been extended and deepened globally as uneven recovering demand has outpaced suppliers and put strains on supply chains Consumers and policymakers the world over have also struggled with surging energy prices and mounting food insecurity which sharpen security challenges like migration and corruption Moreover autocratic governments often abuse the global economic order by weaponizing its interconnectivity and its strengths They can arbitrarily raise costs by withholding the movement of key goods They leverage access to their markets and control of global digital infrastructure for coercive purposes They launder and hide their wealth often the proceeds of foreign corrupt practices in major economies through shell and front companies Nefarious actorssome state sponsored some notare exploiting the digital economy to raise and move funds to support illicit weapons programs terrorist attacks fuel conflict and to extort everyday citizens targeted by ransomware or cyberattacks on national health systems financial institutions and critical infrastructure These various factors constrain our policy options and those of our allies and partners to advance our security interests and meet the basic needs of our citizens We have also experienced a global energy crisis driven by Russias weaponization of the oil and gas supplies it controls exacerbated by OPECs management of its own supply This circumstance underscores the need for an accelerated just and responsible global energy transition Thats why even as we continue to explore all opportunities with our allies and partners to stabilize energy markets and get supplies to those who need it we are also focused on implementing the most significant piece of climate legislation in our nations history to bring innovative energy technologies to scale as quickly as possible We must work with other nations to address shared challenges to improve the lives of the American people and those of people around the world We recognize that we will undertake such effort within a competitive environment where major powers will be actively working to advance a different vision We will use the impulses released by an era of competition to create a race to the top and make progress on shared challenges whether it is by making investments at home or by deepening cooperation with other countries that share our vision Overview of Our Strategic Approach Our goal is clearwe want a free open prosperous and secure international order We seek an order that is free in that it allows people to enjoy their basic universal rights and freedoms It is open in that it provides all nations that sign up to these principles an opportunity to participate in N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 11 and have a role in shaping the rules It is prosperous in that it empowers all nations to continually raise the standard of living for their citizens And secure in that it is free from aggression coercion and intimidation Achieving this goal requires three lines of effort We will 1 invest in the underlying sources and tools of American power and influence 2 build the strongest possible coalition of nations to enhance our collective influence to shape the global strategic environment and to solve shared challenges and 3 modernize and strengthen our military so it is equipped for the era of strategic competition with major powers while maintaining the capability to disrupt the terrorist threat to the homeland This is covered in Part II of this strategy We will use these capabilities to outcompete our strategic competitors galvanize collective action on global challenges and shape the rules of the road for technology cybersecurity and trade and economics This is covered in Part III Our approach encompasses all elements of national powerdiplomacy development cooperation industrial strategy economic statecraft intelligence and defenseand is built on several key pillars First we have broken down the dividing line between foreign policy and domestic policy We understand that if the United States is to succeed abroad we must invest in our innovation and industrial strength and build our resilience at home Likewise to advance shared prosperity domestically and to uphold the rights of all Americans we must proactively shape the international order in line with our interests and values In a competitive world where other powers engage in coercive or unfair practices to gain an edge over the United States and our allies this takes on a special importance We must complement the innovative power of the private sector with a modern industrial strategy that makes strategic public investments in Americas workforce and in strategic sectors and supply chains especially critical and emerging technologies such as microelectronics advanced computing biotechnologies clean energy technologies and advanced telecommunications Second our alliances and partnerships around the world are our most important strategic asset and an indispensable element contributing to international peace and stability A strong and unified NATO our alliances in the IndoPacific and our traditional security partnerships elsewhere do not only deter aggression they provide a platform for mutually beneficial cooperation that strengthens the international order We place a premium on growing the connective tissueon technology trade and securitybetween our democratic allies and partners in the IndoPacific and Europe because we recognize that they are mutually reinforcing and the fates of the two regions are intertwined The United States is a global power with global interests We are stronger in each region because of our affirmative engagement in the others If one region descends into chaos or is dominated by a hostile power it will detrimentally impact our interests in the others Third this strategy recognizes that the PRC presents Americas most consequential geopolitical challenge Although the IndoPacific is where its outcomes will be most acutely shaped there are significant global dimensions to this challenge Russia poses an immediate and ongoing threat to the regional security order in Europe and it is a source of disruption and instability globally but it lacks the across the spectrum capabilities of the PRC We also recognize that other smaller autocratic powers are also acting in aggressive and destabilizing ways Most notably Iran interferes in the internal affairs of neighbors proliferates missiles and drones through proxies is plotting to harm Americans including former officials and is advancing a nuclear program N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 12 beyond any credible civilian need The Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea DPRK continues to expand its illicit nuclear weapons and missile programs Fourth we will avoid the temptation to see the world solely through the prism of strategic competition and will continue to engage countries on their own terms We will pursue an affirmative agenda to advance peace and security and to promote prosperity in every region A more integrated Middle East that empowers our allies and partners will advance regional peace and prosperity while reducing the resource demands the region makes on the United States over the long term In Africa the dynamism innovation and demographic growth of the region render it central to addressing complex global problems The Western Hemisphere directly impacts the United States more than any other region so we will continue to revive and deepen our partnerships there to advance economic resilience democratic stability and citizen security Fifth we recognize that globalization has delivered immense benefits for the United States and the world but an adjustment is now required to cope with dramatic global changes such as widening inequality within and among countries the PRCs emergence as both our most consequential competitor and one of our largest trading partners and emerging technologies that fall outside the bounds of existing rules and regulations We have an affirmative agenda for the global economy to seize the full range of economic benefits of the 21st century while advancing the interests of American workers Recognizing we have to move beyond traditional Free Trade Agreements we are charting new economic arrangements to deepen economic engagement with our partners like the IndoPacific Economic Framework for Prosperity IPEF a global minimum tax that ensures corporations pay their fair share of tax wherever they are based in the world the Partnership for Global Investment and Infrastructure PGII to help low and middle income countries secure highstandard investment for critical infrastructure updated rules of the road for technology cyberspace trade and economics and ensuring the transition to clean energy unlocks economic opportunities and good jobs around the world Finally the community of nations that shares our vision for the future of international order is broad and includes countries on every continent We share in common a desire for relations among nations to be governed by the UN Charter for the universal rights of all individuals political civil economic social and culturalto be upheld for our environment air oceans space cyberspace and arteries of international commerce to be protected and accessible for all and for international institutions including the United Nations to be modernized and strengthened to better address global challenges and deliver more tangible benefits for our citizens The order we seek builds on what came before but addresses serious shortcomings new realities and the attempts by some states to advance a much less free and open model To preserve and increase international cooperation in an age of competition we will pursue a dual track approach On one track we will cooperate with any country including our geopolitical rivals that is willing to work constructively with us to address shared challenges We will also fully engage with and work to strengthen international institutions On the other track we will deepen our cooperation with democracies and other likeminded states From the IndoPacific Quad Australia India Japan United States to the USEU Trade and Technology Council from AUKUS Australia United Kingdom United States to I2U2 India Israel UAE United States we are creating a latticework of strong resilient and mutually reinforcing relationships that prove democracies can deliver for their people and the world The world is now at an inflection point This decade will be decisive in setting the terms of our competition with the PRC managing the acute threat posed by Russia and in our efforts to deal N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 13 with shared challenges particularly climate change pandemics and economic turbulence If we do not act with urgency and creativity our window of opportunity to shape the future of international order and tackle shared challenges will close Those actions must begin with developing the means to execute our strategy by making renewed investments at home and abroad N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 14 PART II INVESTING IN OUR STRENGTH As we look ahead we will lead We will lead on all the greatest challenges of our timefrom COVID to climate peace and security human dignity and human rights But we will not go it alone We will lead together with our Allies and partners and in cooperation with all those who believe as we do that this is within our power to meet these challenges to build a future that lifts all of our people and preserves this planet But none of this is inevitable its a choice And I can tell you where America stands We will choose to build a better future PRESIDENT JOSEPH R BIDEN JR 76th Session of the United Nations General Assembly Investing in Our National Power to Maintain a Competitive Edge To outcompete our rivals and tackle shared challenges America will need to maintain and refine its competitive edge by making critical domestic investments In an interconnected world there is no bright line between foreign and domestic policy The future of Americas success in the world depends upon our strength and resilience at homeand especially the strength of our middle class which is critical to our national security as an engine of economic growth and a key source of democratic vibrance and cohesion The reverse is also true Our success at home requires robust and strategic engagement in the world in line with our interests and values to make life better safer and fairer for the American people That is why we must make farreaching investments in the sources of our natural strength while building our resilience Implementing a Modern Industrial and Innovation Strategy The private sector and open markets have been and continue to be a vital source of our national strength and a key driver of innovation However markets alone cannot respond to the rapid pace of technological change global supply disruptions nonmarket abuses by the PRC and other actors or the deepening climate crisis Strategic public investment is the backbone of a strong industrial and innovation base in the 21st century global economy That is why the United States is pursuing a modern industrial and innovation strategy We are identifying and investing in key areas where private industry on its own has not mobilized to protect our core economic and national security interests including bolstering our national resilience We are securing our critical infrastructure advancing foundational cybersecurity for critical sectors from pipelines to water and working with the private sector to improve security defenses in technology products We are securing our supply chains including through new forms of publicprivate collaboration and using public procurement in critical markets to stimulate demand for innovation In 2021 we boosted our competitiveness by enacting the largest investment in physical infrastructure in nearly a century including historic investments in N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 15 transportation broadband clean water and energy infrastructure that will increase economic growth for decades to come We recognize the importance of the semiconductor supply chain to our competitiveness and our national security and we are seeking to reinvigorate the semiconductor industry in the United States The CHIPS and Science Act authorizes 280 billion for civilian investment in research and development especially in critical sectors such as semiconductors and advanced computing nextgeneration communications clean energy technologies and biotechnologies Through the National Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Initiative we are investing more than 2 billion to harness the full potential of biotechnology and biomanufacturing create jobs at home strengthen supply chains and reduce carbon emissions In 2022 we enacted the Inflation Reduction Act which will invest in domestic energy production and manufacturing and reduce carbon emissions by roughly 40 percent by 2030 Combatting the climate crisis bolstering our energy security and hastening the clean energy transition is integral to our industrial strategy economic growth and security We are incubating and deploying new technologies and solutions allowing us to lead the world while creating new markets and scalable approaches Together these investments will keep the United States at the leading edge increase economic capacity and support millions of jobs and trillions of dollars in economic activity over the next decade Across these efforts we are mobilizing the talent grit and innovation of American workers who can outcompete anyone We are also prioritizing equity and investing in regional economic development to ensure the future is made across all of America by all Americans As we do this work we are also protecting our investments and bolstering their resilience through tracking attributing and defending against the activities of malicious actors in cyberspace And we are countering intellectual property theft forced technology transfer and other attempts to degrade our technological advantages by enhancing investment screening export controls and counterintelligence resources Just as we seek to pool technical expertise and complementary industrial capacity with our allies and partners we are also enhancing our collective capacity to withstand attempts to degrade our shared technology advantages including through investment screening and export controls and the development of new regimes where gaps persist Investing In Our People We are focused on strengthening the economy by building from the bottom up and the middle out To that end we know the most impactful public investments are the ones we make in our people We seek to increase equitable access to affordable health care and child care careerlong training and skill building and highquality education and training including science technology engineering and mathematics STEM especially for women and girls These investments will boost our economic capacity by ensuring our workforce is better educated healthier and more productive This stronger workforce will also build enduring advantages that bolster our strength and resilience We are also supporting workers by promoting union organizing and collective bargaining and improving workers job quality As we create the conditions for our people to thrive we will also continue to make America the destination of choice for talent around the world Since the founding of our Nation America has been strengthened and renewed by immigrants seeking opportunity and refuge on our shoresa unique strategic advantage We will continue working with Congress and taking executive action to ensure our immigration and refugee systems are fair orderly humane easier to navigate and N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 16 consistent with our values and the law And we will take further measures to ensure the United States remains the worlds top destination for talent Strengthening Our Democracy Our democracy is at the core of who we are and Americas democratic experiment has long been a source of inspiration for people around the world Our system of government enshrines the rule of law and strives to protect the equality and dignity of all individuals Deliberation and informed debate propel us to correct our mistakes better meet public needs and expand the circle of opportunity We have not always lived up to our ideals and in recent years our democracy has been challenged from within But we have never walked away from our ideals and in each challenging moment citizens have stepped forward to uphold them In times of crisis or lapses in judgment we look to more democracynot lessto forge the path forward Our democracy is a work in progressand by reckoning with and remedying our own shortcomings we can inspire others around the world to do the same As Americans we must all agree that the peoples verdict as expressed in elections must be respected and protected We also believe that critical reforms continue to be needed to strengthen our system of governance This is why we have taken executive action and urged essential legislation to protect and promote voting rights and expand democratic participation and why we are building on the work of generations of activists to advance equity and root out systemic disparities in our laws policies and institutions Indeed pluralism inclusion and diversity are a source of national strength in a rapidly changing world We are reaffirming the rights to free speech a free press peaceful assembly and other core civil liberties And at the same time we are standing up to threats to our democracy such as domestic terrorism by implementing our nations firstever National Strategy for Countering Domestic Terrorism and tackling headon global forces like weaponized corruption information manipulation operations political interference and attacks on the rule of law including in elections America will not tolerate foreign interference in our elections We will act decisively to defend and deter disruptions to our democratic processes and we will respond to future interference using all appropriate tools of national power Using Diplomacy to Build the Strongest Possible Coalitions The United States unrivaled network of allies and partners protects and advances our interests around the worldand is the envy of our adversaries Building on this network we will assemble the strongest possible coalitions to advance and defend a world that is free open prosperous and secure These coalitions will include all nations that share these objectives At the heart of this coalition to ensure it is as transformative as possible are democratic nations who share our interests and values To make our coalitions as inclusive as possible we will also work with any country that supports a rulesbased order while we continue to press all partners to respect and advance democracy and human rights Transformative Cooperation To solve the toughest problems the world faces we need to produce dramatically greater levels of cooperation The key to doing this is to recognize that the core of our inclusive coalition are those partners who most closely share our interests Americas treaty alliances with other N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 17 democratic countries are foundational to our strategy and central to almost everything we do to make the world more peaceful and prosperous Our NATO and bilateral treaty allies should never doubt our will and capacity to stand with them against aggression and intimidation As we modernize our military and work to strengthen our democracy at home we will call on our allies to do the same including by investing in the type of capabilities and undertaking the planning necessary to bolster deterrence in an increasingly confrontational world Americas alliances and partnerships have played a critical role in our national security policy for eight decades and must be deepened and modernized to do so into the future NATO has responded with unity and strength to deter further Russian aggression in Europe even as NATO also adopted a broad new agenda at the 2022 Madrid Summit to address systemic challenges from the PRC and other security risks from cyber to climate as well as agreeing to Finland and Swedens application to join the alliance The newly established USEU Trade and Technology Council is coordinating approaches to setting the rules of the road on global technology economic and trade issues based on shared democratic values Our AUKUS security partnership with Australia and the United Kingdom promotes stability in the IndoPacific while deepening defense and technology integration We continue to deepen cooperation with the Five Eyes with Australia Canada New Zealand and the United Kingdom The revitalized Quad which brings the United States together with Japan India and Australia addresses regional challenges and has demonstrated its ability to deliver for the IndoPacific combating COVID19 and climate change to deepening cybersecurity partnerships and promoting high standards for infrastructure and health security Our intelligence relationships with our allies are a strategic asset that will increasingly factor in to our competition with our rivals especially in technological competition We will continue to prioritize seeking out new ways to integrate our alliances in the IndoPacific and Europe and develop new and deeper means of cooperation We have revitalized the G7 as the steering committee of the worlds advanced industrial democracies and believe it has a critical role to play in supporting our shared vision for the international order The G7 is at its strongest when it also formally engages other countries with aligned goals such as at the 2022 summit where Argentina India Indonesia Senegal South Africa and Ukraine also participated US interests are best served when our European allies and partners play an active role in the IndoPacific including in supporting freedom of navigation and maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait Similarly we want our IndoPacific allies to be engaged cooperatively with our European allies on shaping the order to which we all aspire and by standing up to Russia and cooperating with the European Union and United Kingdom on our competition with the PRC This is not a favor to the United States Our allies recognize that a collapse of the international order in one region will ultimately endanger it in others These democratic allies and partners are also essential to supporting democracy and human rights around the world Actions to bolster democracy and defend human rights are critical to the United States not only because doing so is consistent with our values but also because respect for democracy and support for human rights promotes global peace security and prosperity Global threats to accountable and transparent governance also threaten our own democratic system We will continually update our range of tools to advance democracy and counter authoritarianism The Presidential Initiative for Democratic Renewal qualitatively increases our ability to combat defining challenges of the 2020s like grand corruption digital repression and attacks on elections and independent media By the same token we are responding to the ever evolving ways in which authoritarians seek to subvert the global order notably by weaponizing N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 18 information to undermine democracies and polarize societies We are doing so by working with governments civil society independent media and the private sector to prevent credible information from being crowded out exposing disinformation campaigns and strengthening the integrity of the media environment a bedrock of thriving democracies Together with our allies and partners we are also holding states accountable for violations and abuses of human rights including against ethnic and religious minorities treating the fight against corruption as the core national security interest it is countering transnational repression and standing with people around the world on the front lines of the fight for dignity equality and justice We reaffirm our commitment to work with the international community to achieve sustainable longterm solutions to what is the most severe refugee crisis since World War Twoincluding through resettlement We raised our annual refugee admissions cap to 125000 and are rebuilding and improving the US Refugee Admissions Program to enable us to achieve that goal An Inclusive World The vast majority of countries want a stable and open rulesbased order that respects their sovereignty and territorial integrity provides a fair means of economic exchange with others and promotes shared prosperity and enables cooperation on shared challenges They strongly disapprove of aggression coercion and external interference They have no interest in overturning longstanding rules and norms to make the world safe for aggression and repression We will help construct and preserve coalitions that engage all of these countries and leverage their collective strengths We recognize that some may harbor reservations about American power and our foreign policy Others may not be democratic but nevertheless depend upon a rulesbased international system Yet what we share in common and the prospect of a freer and more open world makes such a broad coalition necessary and worthwhile We will listen to and consider ideas that our partners suggest about how to do this Building this inclusive coalition requires reinforcing the multilateral system to uphold the founding principles of the United Nations including respect for international law 141 countries expressed support at the United Nations General Assembly for a resolution condemning Russias unprovoked aggression against Ukraine We continue to demonstrate this approach by engaging all regions across all issues not in terms of what we are against but what we are for This year we partnered with ASEAN to advance clean energy infrastructure and maritime security in the region We kickstarted the Prosper Africa Build Together Campaign to fuel economic growth across the continent and bolster trade and investment in the clean energy health and digital technology sectors We are working to develop a partnership with countries on the Atlantic Ocean to establish and carry out a shared approach to advancing our joint development economic environmental scientific and maritime governance goals We galvanized regional action to address the core challenges facing the Western Hemisphere by spearheading the Americas Partnership for Economic Prosperity to drive economic recovery and by mobilizing the region behind a bold and unprecedented approach to migration through the Los Angeles Declaration on Migration and Protection In the Middle East we have worked to enhance deterrence toward Iran deescalate regional conflicts deepen integration among a diverse set of partners in the region and bolster energy stability A prime example of an inclusive coalition is IPEF which we launched alongside a dozen regional partners that represent 40 percent of the worlds GDP This frameworks four pillars trade and the digital economy supply chains and resilience clean energy and decarbonization N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 19 and tax and anticorruptionwill allow this partnership to determine the rules of the road for an economically vital region and therefore the global economy The United States alongside our G7 partners launched PGII to meet the enormous infrastructure need in low and middleincome countries PGII is catalyzing public and private finance to advance climate and energy security health and health security digital connectivity and gender equalityall while creating opportunities for American businesses We secured over 3 billion in commitments from the Gulf Cooperation Council for projects that align with PGII goals We have taken a similar approach in a number of other development initiatives also built around multistakeholder coalitions that can mobilize a wide array of resources to show in various ways that democracy delivers including the longstanding Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief PEPFAR and the Global Fund We are rallying the world to take bold action and raise our collective ambition to reach the Global Funds 18 billion target to fight HIVAIDS tuberculosis and malaria over the next three years and requested 2 billion in our FY 2023 budget to anchor a 6 billion threeyear pledge from the United States This investment will strengthen health systems accelerate progress to achieve universal health coverage and expand the global health workforce The United States will work pragmatically with any partner willing to join us in constructive problemsolving reinforcing and building new ties based on shared interests This includes not just nation states but also civil society groups private companies philanthropies and sub national governments at home and around the world Through proven initiatives like Gavi the Vaccine Alliance new platforms that meet the moment such as COVAX and new historic efforts to improve global health security financing including the Financial Intermediary Fund for Pandemic Prevention Preparedness and Response we will forge fitforpurpose coalitions and publicprivate alliances to take on the worlds toughest challenges A Prosperous World We also will build new ways to work with allies and partners on development and the expansion of human dignity because we recognize they are integral to the security and prosperity of all Americans Infectious diseases terrorism violent extremism irregular migration and other threats often emerge or accelerate due to deeper development challenges and once they do they do not recognize national borders Transnational threats in turn undermine development fuel poverty and human suffering and feed a vicious circle The COVID19 pandemic has eroded development gains and illuminated persistent inequities Protracted conflicts growing fragility a resurgence of authoritarianism and evermore frequent climate shocks threaten peoples lives and livelihoods and global stability Russias war against Ukraine has only aggravated these threats contributing to a surge in food and energy prices exacerbating poverty and eroding food security worldwide We will work to confront these shared challenges and recommit to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals by pursuing more inclusive development partnerships especially by putting local partners in the drivers seat and by deploying a more expansive set of tools including catalytic financing and integrated humanitarian development and peacebuilding actions We are already applying this approach to helping vulnerable nations build resilience to the devastating impacts of the climate crisis through the Presidents Emergency Plan for Adaptation and N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 20 Resilience PREPARE and in support of democratic renewal through the Partnerships for Democratic Development PDD We are also implementing this development approach to advance global health security and systems and to take principled humanitarian action while addressing the root causes of fragility conflict and crisis including through the Global Fragility Act We will use our humanitarian development and peacebuilding tools more cohesively And we will invest in women and girls be responsive to the voices and focus on the needs of the most marginalized including the LGBTQI community and advance inclusive development broadly Across our development work we will continue to employ best practices that distinguish the United States and our partners from our competitors transparency and accountability high environmental social labor and inclusion standards respect for human rights and local partnerships supported by foreign assistance and sound sustainable financing The international financial institutions including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are also a force multiplier for our values and interests Stronger more stable growth abroad means a stronger economy here at home As other economies prosper demand for US exports of goods and services increases creating US jobs We will work to enhance the responsiveness of these institutions to US priorities including how to better support developing countries as they weather the pandemic and now the spillovers of the Russian war on Ukraine Modernizing and Strengthening Our Military The American military is the strongest fighting force the world has ever known America will not hesitate to use force when necessary to defend our national interests But we will do so as the last resort and only when the objectives and mission are clear and achievable consistent with our values and laws alongside nonmilitary tools and the mission is undertaken with the informed consent of the American people Our approach to national defense is described in detail in the 2022 National Defense Strategy Our starting premise is that a powerful US military helps advance and safeguard vital US national interests by backstopping diplomacy confronting aggression deterring conflict projecting strength and protecting the American people and their economic interests Amid intensifying competition the militarys role is to maintain and gain warfighting advantages while limiting those of our competitors The military will act urgently to sustain and strengthen deterrence with the PRC as its pacing challenge We will make disciplined choices regarding our national defense and focus our attention on the militarys primary responsibilities to defend the homeland and deter attacks and aggression against the United States our allies and partners while being prepared to fight and win the Nations wars should diplomacy and deterrence fail To do so we will combine our strengths to achieve maximum effect in deterring acts of aggressionan approach we refer to as integrated deterrence see text box on page 22 We will operate our military using a campaigning mindsetsequencing logically linked military activities to advance strategyaligned priorities And we will build a resilient force and defense ecosystem to ensure we can perform these functions for decades to come We ended Americas longest war in Afghanistan and with it an era of major military operations to remake other societies even as we have maintained the capacity to address terrorist threats to the American people as they emerge N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 21 A combatcredible military is the foundation of deterrence and Americas ability to prevail in conflict We will modernize the joint force to be lethal resilient sustainable survivable agile and responsive prioritizing operational concepts and updated warfighting capabilities The war in Ukraine highlights the criticality of a vibrant Defense Industrial Base for the United States and its allies and partners It must not only be capable of rapidly manufacturing proven capabilities needed to defend against adversary aggression but also empowered to innovate and creatively design solutions as battlefield conditions evolve As emerging technologies transform warfare and pose novel threats to the United States and our allies and partners we are investing in a range of advanced technologies including applications in the cyber and space domains missile defeat capabilities trusted artificial intelligence and quantum systems while deploying new capabilities to the battlefield in a timely manner Incorporating allies and partners at every stage of defense planning is crucial to meaningful collaboration We also seek to remove barriers to deeper collaboration with allies and partners to include issues related to joint capability development and production to safeguard our shared militarytechnological edge Nuclear deterrence remains a top priority for the Nation and foundational to integrated deterrence A safe secure and effective nuclear force undergirds our defense priorities by deterring strategic attacks assuring allies and partners and allowing us to achieve our objectives if deterrence fails Our competitors and potential adversaries are investing heavily in new nuclear weapons By the 2030s the United States for the first time will need to deter two major nuclear powers each of whom will field modern and diverse global and regional nuclear forces To ensure our nuclear deterrent remains responsive to the threats we face we are modernizing the nuclear Triad nuclear command control and communications and our nuclear weapons infrastructure as well as strengthening our extended deterrence commitments to our Allies We remain equally committed to reducing the risks of nuclear war This includes taking further steps to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our strategy and pursuing realistic goals for mutual verifiable arms control which contribute to our deterrence strategy and strengthen the global nonproliferation regime The most important investments are those made in the extraordinary AllVolunteer Force of the Army Marine Corps Navy Air Force Space Force Coast Guardtogether with our Department of Defense civilian workforce Our service members are the backbone of Americas national defense and we are committed to their wellbeing and their families while in service and beyond We will maintain our foundational principle of civilian control of the military recognizing that healthy civilmilitary relations rooted in mutual respect are essential to military effectiveness We will strengthen the effectiveness of the force by promoting diversity and inclusion intensifying our suicide prevention efforts eliminating the scourges of sexual assault harassment and other forms of violence abuse and discrimination and rooting out violent extremism We will also uphold our Nations sacred obligation to care for veterans and their families when our troops return home N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 22 Integrated Deterrence The United States has a vital interest in deterring aggression by the PRC Russia and other states More capable competitors and new strategies of threatening behavior below and above the traditional threshold of conflict mean we cannot afford to rely solely on conventional forces and nuclear deterrence Our defense strategy must sustain and strengthen deterrence with the PRC as our pacing challenge Our National Defense Strategy relies on integrated deterrence the seamless combination of capabilities to convince potential adversaries that the costs of their hostile activities outweigh their benefits It entails Integration across domains recognizing that our competitors strategies operate across military land air maritime cyber and space and nonmilitary economic technological and information domainsand we must too Integration across regions understanding that our competitors combine expansive ambitions with growing capabilities to threaten US interests in key regions and in the homeland Integration across the spectrum of conflict to prevent competitors from altering the status quo in ways that harm our vital interests while hovering below the threshold of armed conflict Integration across the US Government to leverage the full array of American advantages from diplomacy intelligence and economic tools to security assistance and force posture decisions Integration with allies and partners through investments in interoperability and joint capability development cooperative posture planning and coordinated diplomatic and economic approaches Integrated deterrence requires us to more effectively coordinate network and innovate so that any competitor thinking about pressing for advantage in one domain understands that we can respond in many others as well This augments the traditional backstop of combatcredible conventional and strategic capabilities allowing us to better shape adversary perceptions of risks and costs of action against core US interests at any time and across any domain N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 23 PART III OUR GLOBAL PRIORITIES The challenges we face today are great indeed but our capacity is greater Our commitment must be greater still So lets stand together to again declare the unmistakable resolve that nations of the world are united still that we stand for the values of the UN Charter that we still believe by working together we can bend the arc of history toward a freer and more just world for all our children although none of us have fully achieved it Were not passive witnesses to history we are the authors of history We can do thiswe have to do itfor ourselves and for our future for humankind PRESIDENT JOSEPH R BIDEN JR 77th Session of the United Nations General Assembly The steps outlined in the previous sectionbuilding our strength at home to maintain a competitive edge using our diplomatic power to build the strongest possible coalition to support a world that is open free prosperous and secure and modernizing and strengthening our military will position the United States to strengthen an international order that has delivered broad benefits for the American people for decades and to outcompete our rivals who offer a different vision The breadth and complexity of our global interests mean that we need to use that power strategically Three interlinked lines of effort are of paramount importancedealing with the challenges to the international order posed by our strategic competitors addressing shared global challenges and shaping the rules of the road for technology cybersecurity and trade and economics OutCompeting China and Constraining Russia The PRC and Russia are increasingly aligned with each other but the challenges they pose are in important ways distinct We will prioritize maintaining an enduring competitive edge over the PRC while constraining a still profoundly dangerous Russia China The PRC is the only competitor with both the intent to reshape the international order and increasingly the economic diplomatic military and technological power to do it Beijing has ambitions to create an enhanced sphere of influence in the IndoPacific and to become the worlds leading power It is using its technological capacity and increasing influence over international institutions to create more permissive conditions for its own authoritarian model and to mold global technology use and norms to privilege its interests and values Beijing frequently uses its economic power to coerce countries It benefits from the openness of the international economy while limiting access to its domestic market and it seeks to make the world more dependent on the PRC while reducing its own dependence on the world The PRC is N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 24 also investing in a military that is rapidly modernizing increasingly capable in the IndoPacific and growing in strength and reach globally all while seeking to erode US alliances in the region and around the world At the same time the PRC is also central to the global economy and has a significant impact on shared challenges particularly climate change and global public health It is possible for the United States and the PRC to coexist peacefully and share in and contribute to human progress together Our strategy toward the PRC is threefold 1 to invest in the foundations of our strength at home our competitiveness our innovation our resilience our democracy 2 to align our efforts with our network of allies and partners acting with common purpose and in common cause and 3 compete responsibly with the PRC to defend our interests and build our vision for the future The first two elements invest and align are described in the previous section and are essential to out competing the PRC in the technological economic political military intelligence and global governance domains Competition with the PRC is most pronounced in the IndoPacific but it is also increasingly global Around the world the contest to write the rules of the road and shape the relationships that govern global affairs is playing out in every region and across economics technology diplomacy development security and global governance In the competition with the PRC as in other arenas it is clear that the next ten years will be the decisive decade We stand now at the inflection point where the choices we make and the priorities we pursue today will set us on a course that determines our competitive position long into the future Many of our allies and partners especially in the IndoPacific stand on the frontlines of the PRCs coercion and are rightly determined to seek to ensure their own autonomy security and prosperity We will support their ability to make sovereign decisions in line with their interests and values free from external pressure and work to provide highstandard and scaled investment development assistance and markets Our strategy will require us to partner with support and meet the economic and development needs of partner countries not for the sake of competition but for their own sake We will act in common purpose to address a range of issues from untrusted digital infrastructure and forced labor in supply chains and illegal unreported and unregulated fishing We will hold Beijing accountable for abuses genocide and crimes against humanity in Xinjiang human rights violations in Tibet and the dismantling of Hong Kongs autonomy and freedoms even as it seeks to pressure countries and communities into silence We will continue prioritizing investments in a combat credible military that deters aggression against our allies and partners in the region and can help those allies and partners defend themselves We have an abiding interest in maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait which is critical to regional and global security and prosperity and a matter of international concern and attention We oppose any unilateral changes to the status quo from either side and do not support Taiwan independence We remain committed to our one China policy which is guided by the Taiwan Relations Act the Three Joint Communiques and the Six Assurances And we will uphold our commitments under the Taiwan Relations Act to support Taiwans selfdefense and to maintain our capacity to resist any resort to force or coercion against Taiwan N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 25 Though allies and partners may have distinct perspectives on the PRC our diplomatic approach and the PRCs own behavior has produced significant and growing opportunities to align approaches and deliver results Across Europe Asia the Middle East Africa and Latin America countries are cleareyed about the nature of the challenges that the PRC poses Governments want sustainable public finances Workers want to be treated with dignity and respect Innovators want to be rewarded for their ingenuity risktaking and persistent efforts And enterprising businesses want open and free waters through which their products can be traded While we compete vigorously we will manage the competition responsibly We will seek greater strategic stability through measures that reduce the risk of unintended military escalation enhance crisis communications build mutual transparency and ultimately engage Beijing on more formal arms control efforts We will always be willing to work with the PRC where our interests align We cant let the disagreements that divide us stop us from moving forward on the priorities that demand that we work together for the good of our people and for the good of the world That includes on climate pandemic threats nonproliferation countering illicit and illegal narcotics the global food crisis and macroeconomic issues In short well engage constructively with the PRC wherever we can not as a favor to us or anyone else and never in exchange for walking away from our principles but because working together to solve great challenges is what the world expects from great powers and because its directly in our interest No country should withhold progress on existential transnational issues like the climate crisis because of bilateral differences While we have profound differences with the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Government those differences are between governments and systems not between our people Ties of family and friendship continue to connect the American and the Chinese people We deeply respect their achievements their history and their culture Racism and hate have no place in a nation built by generations of immigrants to fulfill the promise of opportunity for all And we intend to work together to solve issues that matter most to the people of both countries Russia Over the past decade the Russian government has chosen to pursue an imperialist foreign policy with the goal of overturning key elements of the international order This culminated in a fullscale invasion of Ukraine in an attempt to topple its government and bring it under Russian control But this attack did not come out of the blue it was preceded by Russias 2014 invasion of Ukraine its military intervention in Syria its longstanding efforts to destabilize its neighbors using intelligence and cyber capabilities and its blatant attempts to undermine internal democratic processes in countries across Europe Central Asia and around the world Russia has also interfered brazenly in US politics and worked to sow divisions among the American people And Russias destabilizing actions are not limited to the international arena Domestically the Russian government under President Putin violates its citizens human rights suppresses its opposition and shutters independent media Russia now has a stagnant political system that is unresponsive to the needs of its people The United States under successive administrations made considerable efforts at multiple points to reach out to Russia to limit our rivalry and identify pragmatic areas of cooperation President Putin spurned these efforts and it is now clear he will not change Russia now poses an immediate and persistent threat to international peace and stability This is not about a struggle between the West and Russia It is about the fundamental principles of the UN Charter which N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 26 Russia is a party to particularly respect for sovereignty territorial integrity and the prohibition against acquiring territory through war We are leading a united principled and resolute response to Russias invasion and we have rallied the world to support the Ukrainian people as they bravely defend their country Working with a broad and durable international coalition we have marshalled nearrecord levels of security assistance to ensure Ukraine has the means to defend itself We have provided humanitarian economic and development assistance to strengthen Ukraines sovereign elected government and help the millions of refugees who have been forced to flee their homes We will continue to stand with the people of Ukraine as they fight back against Russias naked aggression And we will rally the world to hold Russia accountable for the atrocities they have unleashed across Ukraine Alongside our allies and partners America is helping to make Russias war on Ukraine a strategic failure Across Europe NATO and the European Union are united in standing up to Russia and defending shared values We are constraining Russias strategic economic sectors including defense and aerospace and we will continue to counter Russias attempts to weaken and destabilize sovereign nations and undermine multilateral institutions Together with our NATO Allies we are strengthening our defense and deterrence particularly on the eastern flank of the Alliance Welcoming Finland and Sweden to NATO will further improve our security and capabilities And we are renewing our focus on bolstering our collective resilience against shared threats from Russia including asymmetric threats More broadly Putins war has profoundly diminished Russias status visavis China and other Asian powers such as India and Japan Moscows soft power and diplomatic influence have waned while its efforts to weaponize energy have backfired The historic global response to Russias war against Ukraine sends a resounding message that countries cannot enjoy the benefits of global integration while trampling on the core tenets of the UN Charter While some aspects of our approach will depend on the trajectory of the war in Ukraine a number of elements are already clear First the United States will continue to support Ukraine in its fight for its freedom we will help Ukraine recover economically and we will encourage its regional integration with the European Union Second the United States will defend every inch of NATO territory and will continue to build and deepen a coalition with allies and partners to prevent Russia from causing further harm to European security democracy and institutions Third the United States will deter and as necessary respond to Russian actions that threaten core US interests including Russian attacks on our infrastructure and our democracy Fourth Russias conventional military will have been weakened which will likely increase Moscows reliance on nuclear weapons in its military planning The United States will not allow Russia or any power to achieve its objectives through using or threatening to use nuclear weapons America retains an interest in preserving strategic stability and developing a more expansive transparent and verifiable arms control infrastructure to succeed New START and in rebuilding European security arrangements which due to Russias actions have fallen in to disrepair Finally the United States will sustain and develop pragmatic modes of interaction to handle issues on which dealing with Russia can be mutually beneficial The United States respects the Russian people and their contributions to science culture and constructive bilateral relations over many decades Notwithstanding the Russian governments strategic miscalculation in attacking Ukraine it is the Russian people who will determine Russias future as a major power capable of once more playing a constructive role in N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 27 international affairs The United States will welcome such a future and in the meantime will continue to push back against the aggression perpetrated by the Russian government Cooperating on Shared Challenges The United States must maintain and increase international cooperation on shared challenges even in an age of greater interstate competition In an ideal world governments would compete responsibly where their interests diverge and cooperate where they convergebut things have not always worked out this way in practice The United States for example has made clear that we will not support the linkage of issues in a way that conditions cooperation on shared challenges but some in Beijing have been equally clear that the PRC should expect concessions on unrelated issues as a prerequisite to cooperation on shared challenges such as climate change We have also seen how the PRC chose not to cooperate adequately with the World Health Organization and the international community on the global response to COVID19 including on the investigation into its origins It also continues to endanger the world with inadequate action on climate change domestically particularly regarding massive coal power use and build up Our strategy to tackle the shared challenges that require global cooperation involves two simultaneous tracks on one track we will fully engage all countries and institutions to cooperate on shared threats including by pressing for reforms where institutional responses have proven inadequate At the same time we will also redouble our efforts to deepen our cooperation with likeminded partners Across both tracks we will also seek to harness the positive effects of competition promoting a race to the top to increase international efforts on these challenges Climate and Energy Security The climate crisis is the existential challenge of our time A warming planet endangers Americans and people around the worldrisking food and water supplies public health and infrastructure and our national security Without immediate global action to reduce emissions scientists tell us we will soon exceed 15 degrees of warming locking in further extreme heat and weather rising sea levels and catastrophic biodiversity loss Global action begins at home where we are making unprecedented generational investments in the clean energy transition through the IRA simultaneously creating millions of good paying jobs and strengthening American industries We are enhancing Federal state and local preparedness against and resilience to growing extreme weather threats and were integrating climate change into our national security planning and policies This domestic work is key to our international credibility and to getting other countries to up their own ambition and action The United States is galvanizing the world and incentivizing further action Building on the Leaders Summit on Climate Major Economies Forum and Paris Agreement process we are helping countries meet and strengthen their nationally determined contributions reduce emissions tackle methane and other super pollutants promote carbon dioxide removals adapt to the most severe impacts of climate change and end deforestation over the next decade Were also using our economic heft to drive decarbonization Our steel agreement with the EU the firstever arrangement on steel and aluminum to address both carbon intensity and global overcapacity is a model for future climatefocused trade mechanisms And we are ending public N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 28 finance for unabated coal power and mobilizing financing to speed investments in adaptation and the energy transition Events like Russias war of aggression against Ukraine have made clear the urgent need to accelerate the transition away from fossil fuels We know that longterm energy security depends on clean energy Recognizing this transition will not happen overnight we will work with partners and allies to ensure energy security and affordability secure access to critical mineral supply chains and create a just transition for impacted workers Through collaborative work in the International Energy Agency the USEU Task Force on European Energy Security the Clean Energy Ministerial and Mission Innovation Power Africa the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum the Partnership for Transatlantic Energy and Climate Cooperation and other critical fora we will drive concrete action to achieve an energy secure future Many lowincome and lowermiddle income countries need assistance especially for mitigation and adaptation efforts That is why we are aiming to provide over 11 billion in annual climate funding and are pressing partners to increase their own contributions We are embedding climate change into the investment strategies of our development finance institutions including through PGII and working with international organizations like the World Bank and regional development banks to do the same Pandemics and Biodefense COVID19 has killed nearly 65 million people around the world including more than 1 million Americans but the next pandemic could be much worseas contagious but more lethal We have a narrow window of opportunity to take steps nationally and internationally to prepare for the next pandemic and to strengthen our biodefense In the United States that requires preparing for catastrophic biological risks including by improving early warning and disease surveillance data sharing and forecasting speeding development domestic manufacturing and delivery of medical countermeasures advancing safe biotechnology development and manufacturing and overcoming inequities in care quality and access Internationally it requires action on multiple fronts The United States has recommitted to COVAX to which we are the largest donor the World Health Organization and a cooperative approach toward global health security We recognize that no one is safe until everyone is safe which is why we have donated more vaccines internationally than any other country with no political strings attached We are working with allies and partners including philanthropic organizations and the private sector to boost sustainable vaccine manufacturing in Africa and South Asia We recognize that we must engage with all countries on global public health including those with whom we disagree because pandemics know no borders We also acknowledge that some of our international institutions have fallen short in the past and need to be reformed While we believe that many of these reforms can be agreed upon and implemented over the lifetime of this administration we also recognize that ultimately some may fall short because other countries do not share our belief in greater transparency and sharing critical data with the international community Therefore as we engage globally and through international institutions we will also deepen our cooperation with likeminded states to push for reforms on pandemic preparedness and if necessary to work more closely together to set higher standards that others can emulate N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 29 We will also tackle the increasing risk posed by deliberate and accidental biological risks including through our ability to rapidly detect identify and attribute agents and to develop medical countermeasures Working with partners and allies we will strengthen the Biological Weapons Convention to deter state biological warfare capabilities prevent terrorist acquisition or use of biological weapons and reinforce international norms against biological weapons development and use We will also reduce biological risks associated with advancements in technologies and dualuse research and development including by establishing and strengthening international biosafety and biosecurity norms and practices Food Insecurity Global food systems today are under threat from a variety of sources including Russias invasion of Ukraine the economic impacts of the COVID19 pandemic climate events and protracted conflictsall of which threaten to push 7595 million more people into extreme poverty in 2022 than were expected before the pandemic The food insecurity crisis has become particularly dangerous because of Russias aggression against Ukraine which took much of Ukraines grain off the market and exacerbated an already worsening global food insecurity problem To address the needs of the hundreds of millions of people now suffering as a result the United States is providing more humanitarian assistance than ever before We remain the largest contributor to the World Food Programme and the leading donor in nearly every country experiencing a humanitarian food crisis Over the longer term we are rallying the world to find ways to deal with the broad set of challenges for the worlds food supply achieving sustained global food security demands constant vigilance and action by all governments in partnership with multilateral institutions and nongovernmental organizations Working together with our partners we launched the Roadmap for Global Food Security A Call to Action which urges the more than 100 signatory states to take several actions including keeping food and agricultural markets open increasing fertilizer production and investing in climateresilient agriculture The United States is also implementing the Global Food Security Strategy which focuses on reducing global poverty hunger and malnutrition by supporting inclusive and sustainable agricultureled economic growth strengthening resilience among people and food systems and supporting wellnourished healthy populations especially among women and children This requires working across entire food systems to consider every step from cultivation to consumption and to integrate these efforts within larger climate health conflict mitigation and peacebuilding work To ensure these efforts are durable and sustainable requires centering equity and inclusion and partnering both with local partners and international bodies Going forward the United States must continue to address both acute needs and work collaboratively to build sustained food security for the long term Arms Control and NonProliferation Nuclear chemical and biological weapons proliferation is a vitally important and enduring global challenge requiring sustained collaboration to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction and fissile material their means of delivery and enabling technologies The United States will work with allies and partners civil society and international organizations to strengthen arms control and nonproliferation mechanisms especially during times of conflict when escalation risks are greater We will address the existential threat posed by the proliferation N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 30 of nuclear weapons through renewed arms control and nonproliferation leadership We will continue to seek pragmatic engagement with competitors about strategic stability and risk reduction Our approach will emphasize measures that head off costly arms races reduce the likelihood of miscalculation and complement US and allied deterrence strategies We will lead bilateral and multilateral arms control efforts and strengthen existing regimes frameworks and institutions including the Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization International Atomic Energy Agency and other United Nations bodies to extend the more than sevendecade record of nuclear nonuse We will support the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the Biological Weapons Convention and reinforce norms against the possession and use of chemical and biological weapons We will continue to lead the world in coordinated efforts to lock down nuclear and radiological materials and prevent terrorist acquisition And we will ensure multilateral export control regimes are equipped to address destabilizing emerging technologies and to align export policies in likeminded states toward countries of concern Terrorism Todays terrorist threat is more ideologically diverse and geographically diffuse than that of two decades ago AlQaida ISIS and associated forces have expanded from Afghanistan and the Middle East into Africa and Southeast Asia Syria Yemen and Somalia remain terrorist sanctuaries local affiliates have become entrenched actors in regional conflicts Many of these groups still intend to carry out or inspire others to attack the United States and our interests abroad even as years of sustained counterterrorism and law enforcement pressure have constrained their capabilities and enhanced security measures and information sharing have improved our defenses Meanwhile we face sharply increased threats from a range of domestic violent extremists here in the United States America remains steadfast in protecting our country and our people and facilities overseas from the full spectrum of terrorism threats that we face in the 21st century As the threat evolves so too must our counterterrorism approach To that end last year we ended Americas longest war in Afghanistan having long ago achieved our objective of delivering justice to Osama Bin Laden and other key leadership of alQaida We are confident in our ability to maintain the fight against alQaida ISIS and associated forces from over the horizon as we demonstrated with the operation to kill Ayman alZawahiri We will ensure Afghanistan never again serves as a safe haven for terrorist attacks on the United States or our allies and we will hold the Taliban accountable for its public commitments on counterterrorism Around the world we will increase cooperation and support to trusted partners shifting from a strategy that is USled partnerenabled to one that is partnerled USenabled That requires building or expanding systems to prevent detect and respond to threats as they developincluding by strengthening partners law enforcement and judicial systems improving threat information sharing enhancing border security countering terrorist financing targeting terrorist prevention and extremist disengagement programming and preventing online and offline terrorist recruitment and mobilization to violence It also necessitates addressing the root causes of radicalization by leveraging US and partner efforts to support effective governance promote stabilization and economic development and resolve ongoing conflicts N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 31 Where necessary we will use force to disrupt and degrade terrorist groups that are plotting attacks against the United States our people or our diplomatic and military facilities abroad We will do so consistent with domestic and international law and in a manner that minimizes civilian casualties while promoting greater transparency and accountability We are committed to continuing to work with the Congress to replace outdated authorizations for the use of military force with a narrow and specific framework appropriate to ensure that we can continue to protect Americans from terrorist threats Here at home we will continue to work with state local tribal and territorial partners and the private sector to share information and disrupt terrorist plots that threaten our citizens We face an increased and significant threat within the United States from a range of domestic violent extremists including those motivated by racial or ethnic prejudice as well as anti government or antiauthority sentiment Continuing to implement our firstever National Strategy for Countering Domestic Terrorism will enable us to better understand and share information regarding the domestic terrorist threat prevent recruitment and mobilization to violence and disrupt and deter domestic terrorist activity and any transnational linkagesall while reinforcing respect for civil rights and civil liberties Already we are providing more and better information on domestic violent extremist threats to state local territorial and tribal partners and using new mechanisms such as smartphonebased applications to do so in real time We are investing millions of dollars in datadriven violence prevention efforts including through grant programs available to Federal state territorial tribal and nonprofit partners as well as to houses of worship as they face increased threats We are working with likeminded governments civil society and the technology sector to address terrorist and violent extremist content online including through innovative research collaborations And we are confronting the longterm contributors to domestic violent extremist threats including working with Congress to advance commonsense gun laws and policies and addressing the crisis of disinformation and misinformation often channeled through social and other media platforms that can fuel extreme polarization and lead some individuals to violence N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 32 Combatting Transnational Organized Crime Transnational organized crime impacts a growing number of victims while amplifying other consequential global challenges from migration to cyberattacks Transnational criminal organizations TCOs are involved in activities such as the trafficking of drugs and other illicit goods money laundering theft human smuggling and trafficking cybercrime fraud corruption and illegal fishing and mining These activities feed violence in our communities endanger public safety and health and contribute to tens of thousands of drugoverdose deaths in the United States each year They degrade the security and stability of our neighbors and partners by undermining the rule of law fostering corruption acting as proxies for hostile state activities and exploiting and endangering vulnerable populations We will accelerate our efforts to curb the threat posed by transnational organized crime integrating the vital work of law enforcement with diplomatic financial intelligence and other tools and in coordination with foreign partners As part of this effort we will work to reduce the availability of illicit drugs in the United States especially the growing scourge of fentanyl and methamphetamines by bringing all the tools of government to bear to interdict drugs and disrupt TCOs supply chains and the financial networks that enable their corrosive activities Recognizing that this is a problem with global reach we will work closely with our international partners to stop TCOs from getting precursor chemicals and work closely with private industry to increase vigilance and prevent the diversion of chemicals for illicit fentanyl production Shaping the Rules of the Road Since 1945 the United States has led the creation of institutions norms and standards to govern international trade and investment economic policy and technology These mechanisms advanced Americas economic and geopolitical aims and benefited people around the world by shaping how governments and economies interactedand did so in ways that aligned with US interests and values These mechanisms have not kept pace with economic or technological changes and today risk being irrelevant or in certain cases actively harmful to solving the challenges we now facefrom insecure supply chains to widening inequality to the abuses of the PRCs nonmarket economic actions We are endeavoring to strengthen and update the UN system and multilateral institutions generally Nowhere is this need more acute than in updating the rules of the road for technology cyberspace trade and economics By doing so in close coordination with our allies and partners we will establish fair rules while also sustaining our economic and technological edge and shape a future defined by fair competitionbecause when American workers and companies compete on a level playing field they win Technology Technology is central to todays geopolitical competition and to the future of our national security economy and democracy US and allied leadership in technology and innovation has long underpinned our economic prosperity and military strength In the next decade critical and emerging technologies are poised to retool economies transform militaries and reshape the N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 33 world The United States is committed to a future where these technologies increase the security prosperity and values of the American people and likeminded democracies Our technology strategy will enable the United States and likeminded democracies to work together to pioneer new medicines that can cure diseases increase the production of healthy foods that are sustainably grown diversify and strengthen our manufacturing supply chains and secure energy without reliance on fossil fuels all while delivering new jobs and security for the American people and our allies and partners With bipartisan support we have launched a modern industrial strategy and already secured historic investments in clean energy microelectronics manufacturing research and development and biotechnology and we will work with Congress to fully fund historic new authorizations for research and development We also are doubling down on our longstanding and asymmetric strategic advantage attracting and retaining the worlds best talent Attracting a higher volume of global STEM talent is a priority for our national security and supply chain security so we will aggressively implement recent visa actions and work with Congress to do more These investments will enable the United States to anchor an allied technoindustrial base that will safeguard our shared security prosperity and values This means working with allies and partners to harness and scale new technologies and promote the foundational technologies of the 21st century especially microelectronics advanced computing and quantum technologies artificial intelligence biotechnology and biomanufacturing advanced telecommunications and clean energy technologies We also will partner with likeminded nations to codevelop and deploy technologies in a way that benefits all not only the powerful and build robust and durable supply chains so that countries cannot use economic warfare to coerce others We are already rallying likeminded actors to advance an international technology ecosystem that protects the integrity of international standards development and promotes the free flow of data and ideas with trust while protecting our security privacy and human rights and enhancing our competitiveness That includes work through the USEU Trade and Technology Council to foster transatlantic coordination on semiconductor and critical mineral supply chains trustworthy artificial intelligence disinformation the misuse of technology threatening security and human rights export controls and investment screening as well as through the IndoPacific Quad on critical and emerging technologies open nextgeneration digital infrastructure and peopleto people exchanges Across this work we seek to bolster US and allied technology leadership advance inclusive and responsible technology development close regulatory and legal gaps strengthen supply chain security and enhance cooperation on privacy data sharing and digital trade We must ensure strategic competitors cannot exploit foundational American and allied technologies knowhow or data to undermine American and allied security We are therefore modernizing and strengthening our export control and investment screening mechanisms and also pursuing targeted new approaches such as screening of outbound investment to prevent strategic competitors from exploiting investments and expertise in ways that threaten our national security while also protecting the integrity of allied technological ecosystems and markets We will also work to counter the exploitation of Americans sensitive data and illegitimate use of technology including commercial spyware and surveillance technology and we will stand against digital authoritarianism To achieve these goals the digital backbones of the modern economy must be open trusted interoperable reliable and secure That requires working with a broad range of partners to N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 34 advance network infrastructure resilience in 5G and other advanced communication technologies including by promoting vendor diversity and securing supply chains These investments cannot just be made in wealthy countries we must also focus on providing high quality digital infrastructure in low and middleincome countries bridging digital divides by emphasizing access among marginalized groups To ensure these investments support positive technological outcomes we will partner with industry and governments in shaping technological standards that ensure quality consumer safety and global interoperability and to advance the open and transparent standards process that has enabled innovation growth and interconnectivity for decades And in all that we do we will strive to ensure that technology supports and does not undermine democracy and is developed deployed and governed in accordance with human rights Securing Cyberspace Our societies and the critical infrastructure that supports them from power to pipelines are increasingly digital and vulnerable to disruption or destruction via cyber attacks Such attacks have been used by countries such as Russia to undermine countries ability to deliver services to citizens and coerce populations We are working closely with allies and partners such as the Quad to define standards for critical infrastructure to rapidly improve our cyber resilience and building collective capabilities to rapidly respond to attacks In the face of disruptive cyber attacks from criminals we have launched innovative partnerships to expand law enforcement cooperation deny sanctuary to cyber criminals and counter illicit use of cryptocurrency to launder the proceeds of cybercrime As an open society the United States has a clear interest in strengthening norms that mitigate cyber threats and enhance stability in cyberspace We aim to deter cyber attacks from state and non state actors and will respond decisively with all appropriate tools of national power to hostile acts in cyberspace including those that disrupt or degrade vital national functions or critical infrastructure We will continue to promote adherence to the UN General Assemblyendorsed framework of responsible state behavior in cyberspace which recognizes that international law applies online just as it does offline Trade and Economics Americas prosperity also relies on a fair and open trade and international economic system The United States has long benefited from international trades ability to promote global economic growth lower consumer prices and access to foreign markets to promote US exports and jobs At the same time the longstanding rules that govern trade and other means of economic exchange have been violated by nonmarket actors like the PRC were designed to privilege corporate mobility over workers and the environment thereby exacerbating inequality and the climate crisis and fail to cover the frontiers of the modern economy including digital trade The United States must once again rally partners around rules for creating a level playing field that will enable American workers and businessesand those of partners and allies around the worldto thrive As our recent work to create IPEF and the Americas Partnership for Economic Prosperity show we are working to update the current trading system to promote equitable and resilient growth encouraging robust trade countering anticompetitive practices bringing worker voices to the decisionmaking table and ensuring high labor and environmental standards We will seek new export opportunities that benefit American workers and companies especially small and N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 35 mediumsized enterprises push back on abuses by nonmarket economies and enforce rules against unfair trade and labor practices including intellectual property theft discriminatory regulations forced labor the denial of the right to organize and other forms of labor repression We will also use trade tools to advance climate priorities as we are doing with the landmark steel and aluminum agreement with the EU These arrangements will be accompanied by real adjustment assistance ensuring all Americans have a dignified place in our shared future Taken together these efforts will create growth and innovation that benefits not only Americans but people around the world Beyond trade we are working to build an international economic system fit for contemporary realities We will tackle the harms caused to US workers consumers and businesses by currency manipulation counter corruption and illicit finance and end the race to the bottom for corporate taxation through promotion of the OECDs Global Minimum Tax We will partner with countries on sustainable development including by responding to global debt challenges and financing quality infrastructure through PGII We will explore the merits and responsibly lead development of digital assets including a digital dollar with high standards and protections for stability privacy and security to benefit a strong and inclusive US financial system and reinforce its global primacy And we will address growthstymying legal structural and cultural barriers that undermine labor force participation for women and marginalized groups We will also support efforts by the international financial institutions which will also need to continue to evolve to meet the challenges of our times Many of the biggest challenges in our world today such as pandemics and health climate change fragility migration and refugee flowscross borders and disproportionately affect the poorest most vulnerable populations Bolstering these institutions is also critical to tackling serious longterm challenges to the international order such as those posed by the PRC Hostages and Wrongful Detainees Using human beings as pawns is antithetical to American values and to the global order to which we aspire Yet that is what governments regimes and nonstate actors do when they hold Americans against their will as hostages and wrongful detainees We are working with our partners to deter and thwart those inhumane tactics That includes our issuance in July 2022 of an executive order implementing a recent US law called the Levinson Act and unlocking new tools for punishing those who wrongfully kidnap or detain Americans abroad And it includes working with key international partners to promote and implement the Canadianlaunched Declaration Against Arbitrary Detention in StatetoState Relations so as to turn the tide against this inhumane practice and forge international norms against it N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 36 Countering Corruption Corruption poses a fundamental threat to the rule of law When government officials abuse public power for private gain it degrades the business environment subverts economic opportunity and exacerbates inequality Corruption also contributes to reduced public trust in state institutions which in turn can add to the appeal of illiberal actors who exploit popular grievances for political advantage In todays globalized world international financial systems are used to stash illicit wealth abroad and to send bribes across borders The United States Strategy on Countering Corruption recognizes the unique threat corruption poses to our national security and places a special emphasis on recognizing the ways in which corrupt actors have used the US financial system and other ruleoflaw based systems to launder their illgotten gains In response to Russias continued invasion of Ukraine the United States ramped up its kleptocracy initiatives aimed at recovering corruption proceeds as well as both identifying and repatriating the laundered proceeds of crime Finally the United States will elevate and expand the scale of diplomatic engagement and foreign assistance including by enhancing partner governments capacitates to fight corruption in cooperation with US law enforcement authorities and bolstering the prevention and oversight capacities of willing governments N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 37 PART IV OUR STRATEGY BY REGION Theres a fundamental truth of the 21st century within each of our own countries and as a global community that our own success is bound up with others succeeding as well To deliver for our own people we must also engage deeply with the rest of the world To ensure that our own future we must work together with other partnersour partnerstoward a shared future Our security our prosperity and our very freedoms are interconnected in my view as never before And so I believe we must work together as never before PRESIDENT JOSEPH R BIDEN JR 76th Session of the United Nations General Assembly The United States can meet the challenges of this decisive decade only by partnering with countries and people around the world Americans rely on and benefit from our broad and deep relationships in every region invest in and trade with nearly every country and study work and live on every continent Our future and the worlds are interlinked That is why our strategy is global Promote a Free and Open IndoPacific The IndoPacific fuels much of the worlds economic growth and will be the epicenter of 21st century geopolitics As an IndoPacific power the United States has a vital interest in realizing a region that is open interconnected prosperous secure and resilient The United States will work with other regional states to keep the IndoPacific open and accessible and ensure that nations are free to make their own choices consistent with obligations under international law We support open societies through investments in democratic institutions free press and civil society and are cooperating with partners to counter information manipulation and corruption And we will affirm freedom of the seas and build shared regional support for open access to the South China Seaa throughway for nearly twothirds of global maritime trade and a quarter of all global trade A free and open IndoPacific can only be achieved if we build collective capacity We are deepening our five regional treaty alliances and closest partnerships We affirm the centrality of ASEAN and seek deeper bonds with Southeast Asian partners We will expand our regional diplomatic development and economic engagement with a particular focus on Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands As we work with South Asian regional partners to address climate change the COVID19 pandemic and the PRCs coercive behavior we will promote prosperity and economic connectivity across the Indian Ocean region The Quad and AUKUS will also be critical to addressing regional challenges and we will further reinforce our collective strength by weaving our allies and partners closer togetherincluding by encouraging tighter linkages between likeminded IndoPacific and European countries N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 38 The prosperity of everyday Americans is linked to the IndoPacific and the United States has long been a regional trade and investment leader With our regional partners we are developing IPEF to drive inclusive broadbased prosperity and advance our shared interests in resilient fair digital and lowcarbon economies Leadership through AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation APEC will complement these efforts For 75 years the United States has maintained a strong and consistent defense presence and will continue to meaningfully contribute to the regions stability and peace We reaffirm our ironclad commitments to our IndoPacific treaty alliesAustralia Japan the Republic of Korea the Philippines and Thailandand we will continue to modernize these alliances We reaffirm our unwavering commitment to the defense of Japan under our mutual security treaty which covers the Senkaku Islands As India is the worlds largest democracy and a Major Defense Partner the United States and India will work together bilaterally and multilaterally to support our shared vision of a free and open IndoPacific We will seek sustained diplomacy with North Korea to make tangible progress toward the complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula while strengthening extended deterrence in the face of North Korean weapons of mass destruction and missile threats The brutal military coup in Burma has undermined regional stability and we will continue working closely with allies and partners including ASEAN to help restore Burmas democratic transition We will also work to enhance partners resilience to transnational challenges including climate and biological threats The IndoPacific is the epicenter of the climate crisis but is also essential to climate solutions and our shared responses to the climate crisis are a political imperative and an economic opportunity We are also partnering to help the region build resilience to pandemic disease and to strengthen their health systems drive investments in global health security and expand the regions ability to prevent detect and respond to emergencies We have entered a consequential new period of American foreign policy that will demand more of the United States in the IndoPacific than has been asked of us since the Second World War No region will be of more significance to the world and to everyday Americans than the IndoPacific We are ambitious because we know that we and our allies and partners hold a common vision for its future Deepen Our Alliance with Europe With a relationship rooted in shared democratic values common interests and historic ties the transatlantic relationship is a vital platform on which many other elements of our foreign policy are built Europe has been and will continue to be our foundational partner in addressing the full range of global challenges To effectively pursue a common global agenda we are broadening and deepening the transatlantic bondstrengthening NATO raising the level of ambition in the USEU relationship and standing with our European allies and partners in defense of the rulesbased system that underpins our security prosperity and values Today Europe stands at the front lines of the fight to defend the principles of freedom sovereignty and nonaggression and we will continue to work in lockstep to ensure that freedom prevails America remains unequivocally committed to collective defense as enshrined in NATOs Article 5 and will work alongside our NATO Allies to deter defend against and build resilience to aggression and coercion in all its forms As we step up our own sizable N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 39 contributions to NATO capabilities and readinessincluding by strengthening defensive forces and capabilities and upholding our longstanding commitment to extended deterrencewe will count on our Allies to continue assuming greater responsibility by increasing their spending capabilities and contributions European defense investments through or complementary to NATO will be critical to ensuring our shared security at this time of intensifying competition We stand behind NATOs continued adaptation to modern security challenges including its emphasis on defense in cyberspace climate security and the growing security risks presented by the PRCs policies and actions America maintains our fundamental commitment to the pursuit of a Europe that is whole free and at peace Russias further invasion of Ukraine poses a grave threat to this vision which is why we are determined to support Ukraine in defending its sovereignty and territorial integrity while imposing severe costs on Moscow for its aggression We have supported Ukraine with security humanitarian and financial assistance We have joined with allies and partners in Europe and around the globe to impose sanctions and export controls that will degrade Russias ability to wage future wars of aggression We have partnered with the European Commission on an ambitious plan to reduce Europes dependence on Russian fossil fuels strengthen European energy security and advance shared climate goals Across these efforts the EUan integrated market of over 450 million peopleis an indispensable partner and we support efforts to foster EU unity We also encourage close cooperation on matters of mutual interest between the EU and the United Kingdom In addition we underscore our support for the Good Friday Agreement which is the bedrock of peace stability and prosperity in Northern Ireland As we support Ukraine we will also work to enhance the stability and resilience of other democracies We will support the European aspirations of Georgia and Moldova and their commitment to important institutional reforms We will assist partners in strengthening democratic institutions the rule of law and economic development in the Western Balkans We will back diplomatic efforts to resolve conflict in the South Caucasus We will continue to engage with Turkey to reinforce its strategic political economic and institutional ties to the West We will work with allies and partners to manage the refugee crisis created by Russias war in Ukraine And we will work to forestall terrorist threats to Europe Elsewhere in Eurasia we will continue to support the independence sovereignty and territorial integrity of Central Asia We will foster efforts to enhance resilience and democratic development in the five countries in this region We will continue to work through the C51 diplomatic platform Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan and the United States to advance climate adaptation improve regional energy and food security enhance integration within the region and build greater connectivity to global markets Though rooted in transatlantic strength and stability our agenda with European allies and partners is global We will work with the EU to strengthen trade investment and technological cooperation grounded in shared democratic valuespromoting an open and inclusive global economy setting high standards for trade ensuring fair competition supporting labor rights driving decarbonization fighting corruption and protecting our innovations from uses that run counter to our interests and values Through the G7 we will work with France Germany Italy and the United Kingdom to galvanize international cooperation on the worlds most pressing challenges We will jointly defend human rights whether in Belarus or Xinjiang To enact this ambitious agenda we will deepen our strategic alignmentconsulting regularly sharing information and intelligence and acting together N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 40 Foster Democracy and Shared Prosperity in the Western Hemisphere No region impacts the United States more directly than the Western Hemisphere With 19 trillion in annual trade shared values and democratic traditions and familial bonds nations of the Western Hemisphere especially in North America are key contributors to US prosperity and resilience But the COVID19 pandemic and ensuing recession have exacerbated longstanding structural challenges fueled political and social unrest undermining faith in democracys ability to deliver and spurred unprecedented levels of irregular migration to the United States and throughout the region Recognizing the direct link between the regions prosperity and security and that of our own it is vital for the United States to revitalize our partnerships to build and preserve economic resilience democratic stability and citizen security within the hemisphere We will advance these efforts through regular interactions multilateral and institutional collaboration and regional initiatives and by implementing the commitments made at the Ninth Summit of the Americas The movement of people throughout the Americas including over six million Venezuelans forced to leave their homes since 2015 affects all of Latin America and the Caribbean and reinforces the need for regional action The Los Angeles Declaration on Migration and Protection complements US efforts at home to modernize its border infrastructure and build a fair orderly and humane immigration system with a bold hemispherewide partnership centered on the principle of responsibilitysharing stability and assistance for affected communities the expansion of legal pathways humane migration management and a coordinated emergency response The United States is also leading the charge to expand legal pathways for migration and to combat illicit human smuggling and trafficking that prey on vulnerable migrants These efforts combined aim to stabilize migrant populations and replace irregular migration with orderly flows that can fuel economic growth in the United States and across the region We will pursue these collaborative efforts while ensuring a fundamentally fair orderly and humane approach to migration management that bolster border security and protects our nation Ending and mitigating the effects of the COVID19 pandemic and advancing health security are imperative for the wellbeing of the entire hemisphere In addition to donating over 72 million vaccines through the Action Plan on Health and Resilience in the Americas we are partnering with the region to prevent prepare for and respond to future pandemic threats and other public health emergencies while also expanding the equitable delivery of healthcare and public services to remote vulnerable and marginalized populations In addition to supporting countries especially in Central America and the Caribbean in reaching a 70 percent COVID19 vaccination rate associated partnerships are boosting increased vaccine manufacturing capability and helping train 500000 public health and medical professionals by 2027 through the Americas Health Corps Together with regional partners we are deepening economic cooperation to ensure durable and inclusive economic growth that delivers for our working people Our priority is to work with Canada and Mexico to advance a North American vision for the future that draws on our shared strengths and bolsters US global competitiveness Similarly the Americas Partnership for Economic Prosperity will guide our regional economic engagement by focusing on the largest drivers of bottomup and middleout growth updating tools for the new and complex challenges facing us today and in the decades to come with a focus on reinvigorating regional economic N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 41 institutions securing supply chains creating clean energy jobs and promoting decarbonization ensuring sustainable and inclusive trade and making gamechanging investments that increase the effectiveness of public administration Tackling the climate crisis and harnessing the dynamism of the region will be central to our approach and we will use mitigation and adaptation efforts to fuel a sustainable economic recovery and protect forest ecosystems including by promoting trade and investment in clean energy to achieve a collective target of 70 percent installed capacity for renewable energy generation in the regions electricity sector by 2030 and mobilizing financing and other forms of support to promote conservation of the Amazon The United States and the Caribbean Community also launched the Partnership to Address the Climate Crisis 2030 to expand access to project financing attract private investment in clean energy infrastructure and climate adaptation projects and enhance local capacity to assess plan for predict mitigate and respond to extreme weather events and related risks in a changing climate The United States derives security and economic benefits from the regions democratic stability and institutions as our shared values provide a basis for collaboration and peaceful dispute resolution To help preserve and enhance these traditions we will support partners striving to build transparent inclusive and accountable institutions Together we will support effective democratic governance responsive to citizen needs defend human rights and combat genderbased violence tackle corruption and protect against external interference or coercion including from the PRC Russia or Iran Through reinvigorated and representative InterAmerican institutions and in partnership with civil society and other governments we will support democratic selfdetermination for the people of Venezuela Cuba Nicaragua and any country where the popular will is suppressed In Haiti which suffers from an extended humanitarian political and economic crisis we will mobilize the international community to help restore security rebuild governing institutions and support a foundation of prosperity by which the Haitian people can determine their own future We will also assist partners in facing security threats These challenges may be internal including from local gangs or transnational including from criminal organizations that traffic drugs and humans and undertake other illegal operationsor external as malign actors seek to gain military or intelligence footholds in the region These threats impact security throughout the Americas including here at home and we will therefore promote collaboration to help assist civilian police and strengthen justice systems in the Americas and expand information sharing with our partners These prioritiesexpanding economic opportunities strengthening democracy and building securityare mutually reinforcing and contribute to national regional and global stability We have an overriding strategic interest in pursuing and strengthening collaboration through intensified diplomatic engagement with hemispheric partners and institutions based on the premise that advance a vision of a region that is secure middle class and democratic is fundamentally in the national security interest of the United States The challenge and the stakes of this undertaking are accentuated by the backdrop of increased geopolitical and geoeconomic volatility the interrelated challenges posed by phenomena like climate change global pandemics and mass migration and the recognition that the security and prosperity of the United States hinges on that of our neighbors N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 42 Support DeEscalation and Integration in the Middle East Over the past two decades US foreign policy has focused predominantly on threats emanating from the Middle East and North Africa We have too often defaulted to militarycentric policies underpinned by an unrealistic faith in force and regime change to deliver sustainable outcomes while failing to adequately account for opportunity costs to competing global priorities or unintended consequences It is time to eschew grand designs in favor of more practical steps that can advance US interests and help regional partners lay the foundation for greater stability prosperity and opportunity for the people of the Middle East and for the American people The United States has set forth a new framework for US policy in the region based on Americas unparalleled comparative advantage in building partnerships coalitions and alliances to strengthen deterrence while using diplomacy to deescalate tensions reduce risks of new conflicts and set a longterm foundation for stability This framework has five principles First the United States will support and strengthen partnerships with countries that subscribe to the rulesbased international order and we will make sure those countries can defend themselves against foreign threats Second the United States will not allow foreign or regional powers to jeopardize freedom of navigation through the Middle Easts waterways including the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab al Mandab nor tolerate efforts by any country to dominate anotheror the regionthrough military buildups incursions or threats Third even as the United States works to deter threats to regional stability we will work to reduce tensions deescalate and end conflicts wherever possible through diplomacy Fourth the United States will promote regional integration by building political economic and security connections between and among US partners including through integrated air and maritime defense structures while respecting each countrys sovereignty and independent choices Fifth the United States will always promote human rights and the values enshrined in the UN Charter This new framework builds on the recent progress regional states have made to bridge their enduring divides We will continue to work with allies and partners to enhance their capabilities to deter and counter Irans destabilizing activities We will pursue diplomacy to ensure that Iran can never acquire a nuclear weapon while remaining postured and prepared to use other means should diplomacy fail Irans threats against US personnel as well as current and former US officials will not be tolerated and as we have demonstrated we will respond when our people and interests are attacked As we do so we will always stand with the Iranian people striving for the basic rights and dignity long denied them by the regime in Tehran More broadly we will combine diplomacy economic aid and security assistance to local partners to alleviate suffering reduce instability and prevent the export of terrorism or mass migration from Yemen Syria and Libya while working with regional governments to manage the broader impact of these challenges We will seek to extend and deepen Israels growing ties to its neighbors and other Arab states including through the Abraham Accords while maintaining our ironclad commitment to its security We will also continue to promote a viable two state solution that preserves Israels future as a Jewish and democratic state while meeting Palestinian aspirations for a secure and viable state of their own As President Biden stated during his visit to the West Bank in July 2022 Two States along the 1967 lines with mutually agreed swaps remain the best way to achieve equal measure of security prosperity freedom and democracy for Palestinians as well as Israelis N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 43 This new framework relies on a sustainable and effective military posture focused on deterrence strengthening partner capacity enabling regional security integration countering terrorist threats and ensuring the free flow of global commerce In conjunction with the use of other instruments of national power these military activities also help counter external actors military expansion in the region We will not use our military to change regimes or remake societies but instead limit the use of force to circumstances where it is necessary to protect our national security interests and consistent with international law while enabling our partners to defend their territory from external and terrorist threats We will encourage economic and political reforms that help unlock the regions potential including by fostering greater economic integration to drive growth and create jobs We will encourage energy producers to use their resources to stabilize global energy markets while also preparing for a clean energy future and protecting American consumers We will also continue to support our democratic partners and demand accountability for violations of human rights recognizing that while true reform can only come from within the United States still has an important role to play The United States is the largest bilateral donor of humanitarian assistance and a longstanding champion for principled needsbased humanitarian action We will sustain our leadership on humanitarian assistance and manage longterm refugee and displacement crises which help realize human dignity and bolster stability And we will accelerate our support to regional partners to help them build greater resilience as the future of the Middle East will be defined as much by climate technological and demographic changes as by traditional security matters Build 21st Century USAfrica Partnerships Africas governments institutions and people are a major geopolitical force one that will play a crucial role in solving global challenges in the coming decade Africa is more youthful mobile educated and connected than ever before African countries comprise one of the largest regional voting groups at the UN and their citizens lead major international institutions The continents booming population vital natural resources and vibrant entrepreneurship coupled with the African Continental Free Trade Area have the potential to drive transformative economic growth Our partnerships with African states over the past three decades helped lay the groundwork for this growth To accelerate it USAfrica partnerships must adapt to reflect the important geopolitical role that African nations play globally Advancing Americas national interests will hinge in part on working more closely not only with African nations but also with regional bodies such as the African Union subnational governments civil society and private sector and diaspora communities We will continue to invest in the regions largest states such as Nigeria Kenya and South Africa while also deepening our ties to medium and small states We will engage African countries as equal partners to achieve our shared priorities from health and pandemic preparedness to climate change We will also press partners about human rights corruption or authoritarian behavior and deepen partnerships with countries that make progress toward more open and democratic governance In coordination with international partners and regional bodies we will counter democratic backsliding by imposing costs for coups and pressing for progress on civilian transitions And we will listen to African leaders and people as they articulate their vision for N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 44 their foreign partnerships including expectations for transparency accountability fairness inclusion and equity Enhancing Africas peace and prosperity will bolster Africas ability to solve regional and global problems The regions commitment and capacity to renew democracy as well as anticipate prevent and address emerging and long running conflicts can lead to favorable outcomes for Africans and Americans We will support Africanled efforts to work toward political solutions to costly conflicts increasing terrorist activity and humanitarian crises such as those in Cameroon Democratic Republic of the Congo Ethiopia Mozambique Nigeria Somalia and the Sahel and invest in local and international peacebuilding and peacekeeping to prevent new conflicts from emerging Consistent with our broader counterterrorism approach we will disrupt and degrade terrorist threats against the United States while supporting partners to prevent terrorist expansion We will work with our African and international partners to tackle the root causes of terrorism including by countering corruption strengthening accountability and justice investing in inclusive economic development and advancing human rights including womens rights and also push back on the destabilizing impact of the Russiabacked Wagner Group We will support accelerating growth through private sector investment help Africa unlock its digital economy double down on tackling food insecurity and expand clean energy infrastructure through the Prosper Africa Feed the Future and Power Africa initiatives We will support climate adaptation conservation and a just energy transition as subSaharan African countries are already experiencing severe climate impacts compounding land use migration challenges and rising food and commodity prices made worse by Russias further invasion of Ukraine Quality healthcare systems are essential to economic growth and we will build on our decadeslong partnerships to invest in health security and health systems infrastructure and the ongoing COVID19 response We will also work with African governments to create the business environments and make the investments in human capital and capacity development to attract investors grow businesses and create good jobs across sectorsand to bolster USAfrica trade and create new opportunities for US businesses We will seek to offer opportunities that reflect Americas competitive advantages promoting inclusive growth respecting workers rights and protecting the regions resources for future generations Maintain a Peaceful Arctic The United States seeks an Arctic region that is peaceful stable prosperous and cooperative Climate change is making the Arctic more accessible than ever threatening Arctic communities and vital ecosystems creating new potential economic opportunities and intensifying competition to shape the regions future Russia has invested significantly in its presence in the Arctic over the last decade modernizing its military infrastructure and increasing the pace of exercises and training operations Its aggressive behavior has raised geopolitical tensions in the Arctic creating new risks of unintended conflict and hindering cooperation The PRC has also sought to increase its influence in the Arctic by rapidly increased its Arctic investments pursuing new scientific activities and using these scientific engagements to conduct dualuse research with intelligence or military applications We will uphold US security in the region by improving our maritime domain awareness communications disaster response capabilities and icebreaking capacity to prepare for increased international activity in the region We will exercise US Government presence in the region as N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 45 required while reducing risk and preventing unnecessary escalation Arctic nations have the primary responsibility for addressing regional challenges and we will deepen our cooperation with our Arctic allies and partners and work with them to sustain the Arctic Council and other Arctic institutions despite the challenges to Arctic cooperation posed by Russias war in Ukraine We will continue to protect freedom of navigation and determine the US extended continental shelf in accordance with international rules We must build resilience to and mitigate climate change in the region including through agreements to reduce emissions and more crossArctic research collaboration As economic activity in the Arctic increases we will invest in infrastructure improve livelihoods and encourage responsible private sector investment by the United States our allies and our partners including in critical minerals and improve investment screening for national security purposes Across these efforts we will uphold our commitment to honor Tribal sovereignty and selfgovernance through regular meaningful and robust consultation and collaboration with Alaska Native communities Protect Sea Air and Space People around the world depend on the sea air and space for their security and prosperity The worlds interconnected oceans lands waterways and other ecosystems generate economic opportunity and enable critical commercial and military activity They contain biodiversity vital to food security clean air and water a stable climate and health and wellbeing Threats to these systemsincluding excessive maritime and airspace claims pollution and unregulated deforestation and wildlife trafficking and illegal unreported and unregulated fishingimpact governments abilities to meet basic human needs and contribute to political economic and social instability We will stand up for freedom of navigation and overflight support environmental protection and oppose destructive distant water fishing practices by upholding international laws and norms including the customary international law rules in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea And we will promote Antarcticas status as a continent reserved for peace and science in accordance with the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 Space exploration and use benefits humanity from creating economic opportunities to developing new technologies and enabling climate surveillance America will maintain our position as the worlds leader in space and work alongside the international community to ensure the domains sustainability safety stability and security We must lead in updating outer space governance establishing a space traffic coordination system and charting a path for future space norms and arms control Working with allies and partners we will develop policies and regulations that enable the burgeoning US commercial space sector to compete internationally We will enhance the resilience of US space systems that we rely on for critical national and homeland security functions These efforts aim to protect US interests in space avoid destabilizing arms races and responsibly steward the space environment N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 46 Sharpen Our Tools of Statecraft Our national security institutions and workforce underpin Americas global leadership and the security prosperity and freedoms of the American people To achieve our ambitious aims we must modernize and adapt our tools of statecraft for todays challenges For example we are Strengthening American diplomacy by modernizing the Department of State including through the recent creation of a new bureau for cyberspace and digital policy and special envoy for critical and emerging technologies Adapting the Intelligence Community IC including by aligning our organizations to better address competition embracing new data tools and enhancing integration of open source material Enhancing US and global early warning and forecasting for infectious disease threats and pandemics by increasing support for the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions CDC Center for Outbreak Forecasting and Analytics and foreign assistance for global health security Reorganizing the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy to sharpen its focus on emerging technologies and elevate senior leader attention to critical regions Bolstering the Department of Homeland Securitys DHS Cybersecurity Service by reimagining how DHS hires develops and retains toptier and diverse cyber talent Making development assistance more accessible and equitable by increasing engagement with and shifting 25 percent of US Agency for International Development USAID funding to local partners and double USAIDs work on empowering women and girls Expanding our engagement with stakeholders and build our capacity to partner with the private sector philanthropy diaspora communities and civil society Prioritizing technologys role in national security by elevating the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy to a cabinetlevel agency and full member of the National Security Council The success of these efforts and our foreign policy will require strengthening the national security workforce by recruiting and retaining diverse highcaliber talent We are Prioritizing diversity equity inclusion and accessibility to ensure national security institutions reflect the American public they represent Creating more effective and efficient hiring recruitment retention and talent development practices particularly in STEM fields economics critical languages and regional affairs Supporting professional development opportunitiesfor both leadership and technical skillsat all levels of the workforce Opening opportunities for the national security workforce to move among institutions both within and outside government and carry the skills they develop back to their home agencies Equipping the workforce with cuttingedge technology and better integrate data and analytic tools to support decisionmaking Prioritizing human resources capabilities and personnel who will drive and steward all of these initiatives The health of our national security institutions and workforce relies on faith in the apolitical nature of Federal law enforcement agencies the IC our diplomats civil servants Federally funded research and development institutions and military as we work together in national service N A T I O N A L S E C U R I T Y S T R A T E G Y 47 PART V CONCLUSION We are confident that the United States alongside our allies and partners is positioned to succeed in our pursuit of a free open prosperous and secure global order With the key elements outlined in this strategy we will tackle the twin challenges of our time outcompeting our rivals to shape the international order while tackling shared challenges including climate change pandemic preparedness and food security that will define the next stage of human history We will strengthen democracy across the world and multilateral institutions as we look to the future to chart new and fair rules of the road for emerging technology cybersecurity and trade and economics And we will do all this and more by leveraging our considerable advantages and our unparalleled coalition of allies and partners As we implement this strategy we will continually assess and reassess our approach to ensure we are best serving the American people We will be guided by the indisputable fact that the strength and quality of the American project at home is inextricably linked with our leadership in the world and our ability to shape the terms of the world order This National Security Strategy will be evaluated by an overriding metric whether it makes life better safer and fairer for the people of the United States and whether it lifts up the countries and people around the world who share our vision for the future We are motivated by a clear vision of what success looks like at the end of this decisive decade By enhancing our industrial capacity investing in our people and strengthening our democracy we will have strengthened the foundation of our economy bolstered our national resilience enhanced our credibility on the world stage and ensured our competitive advantages By deepening and expanding our diplomatic relationships not only with our democratic allies but with all states who share our vision for a better future we will have developed terms of competition with our strategic rivals that are favorable to our interests and values and laid the foundation to increase cooperation on shared challenges By modernizing our military pursuing advanced technologies and investing in our defense workforce we will have strengthened deterrence in an era of increasing geopolitical confrontation and positioned America to defend our homeland our allies partners and interests overseas and our values across the globe By leveraging our national strengths and rallying a broad coalition of allies and partners we will advance our vision of a free open prosperous and secure world outmaneuvering our competitors and making meaningful progress on issues like climate change global health and food security to improve the lives not just of Americans but of people around the world This is what we must achieve in this decisive decade As we have done throughout our history America will seize this moment and rise to the challenge There is no time to waste