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discordar discordar discordar Razão um título Autores el capírtulo el virus y funny hu mongues 3 Preguntas Quickmann quien que virt avala umas homem Cercas parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices 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parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices paras Impacto da redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa que afeta principalmente os pulmões e é causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Embora seja uma doença tratável e prevenível por meio da vacinação infelizmente a incidência da vacinação de tuberculose tem sido reduzida no Brasil nos últimos anos Isso pode ter um grande impacto na saúde pública do país já que a tuberculose ainda é um problema de saúde significativo no Brasil e em todo o mundo De acordo com dados do Ministério da Saúde em 2020 foram registrados mais de 66 mil casos de tuberculose no país A vacinação é uma das principais medidas para prevenir a tuberculose especialmente em crianças No Brasil a vacinação de BCG Bacilo de CalmetteGuérin que previne a tuberculose em crianças é recomendada pelo Ministério da Saúde e faz parte do calendário de vacinação infantil No entanto a redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil pode levar a um aumento do número de casos de tuberculose especialmente em crianças e em populações vulneráveis Isso pode resultar em uma maior demanda por serviços de saúde tratamento mais longo e mais caro bem como complicações e sequelas para os pacientes Além disso a tuberculose é uma doença que afeta principalmente as populações mais pobres e vulneráveis que têm menos acesso a serviços de saúde de qualidade e à vacinação Portanto a redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose pode agravar as desigualdades em saúde e a exclusão social Por isso é essencial que as autoridades de saúde do Brasil continuem a promover a vacinação de tuberculose e a melhorar o acesso a serviços de saúde de qualidade para todos A educação em saúde e a conscientização sobre a importância da vacinação também são fundamentais para garantir que as pessoas entendam os riscos da tuberculose e a importância da prevenção Fontes World Health Organization 2021 Global tuberculosis report Recuperado em 4 de abril de 2023 de httpswwwwhointpublicationsiitem9789240023131 Ministério da Saúde do Brasil 2021 Tuberculose panorama atual e perspectivas Recuperado em 4 de abril de 2023 de httpswwwgovbrsaudeptbrassuntossaudedeaaztuberculose tuberculosepanoramaatualeperspectivas Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia 2021 Vacina BCG Recuperado em 4 de abril de 2023 de httpssbptorgbrportalpacientesproblemasdesaudetuberculose tuberculose2 IMPACTO DA REDUÇÃO DA INCIDÊNCIA DA VACINAÇÃO DE TUBERCULOSE NO BRASIL UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA Introdução A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis que pode afetar diversos órgãos do corpo mas é mais comumente encontrada nos pulmões Ela configura um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil Segundo dados do Ministério da Saúde em 2019 foram notificados mais de 72 mil casos novos de tuberculose no país SANTOS et al 2017 com uma taxa de incidência de cerca de 35 casos por 100 mil habitantes NAIR et al 2018 A doença é mais comum em adultos jovens sendo que a faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos concentra o maior número de casos NAIR et al 2018 Além disso a tuberculose é uma das principais causas de morte por doenças infecciosas no país especialmente entre pessoas vivendo com HIV NAIR et al 2018 A vacinação com a BCG é uma das estratégias de prevenção da tuberculose NAIR et al 2018 sendo que o Programa Nacional de Imunizações do Ministério da Saúde preconiza a vacinação de crianças com até um ano de idade FERREIRA et al 2020 Estudos têm mostrado que a vacinação contra a tuberculose é eficaz na prevenção da doença especialmente em crianças ROTOWSKY et al 2017 e pode até proteger contra outras doenças FAUSTINI et al 2018 No entanto a redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil pode ter um impacto significativo na saúde pública como será discutido mais adiante Como métodos utilizados para o desenvolvimento do estudo foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica em estudos publicados nas bases de dados Scielo Pubmed e Google Acadêmico foram considerados estudos originais e de revisão entre 2005 e 2023 nos idiomas inglês e português Redução da incidência da vacinação e seu impacto nos casos de tuberculose no Brasil De acordo com dados do Ministério da Saúde a cobertura vacinal da BCG no Brasil vem caindo desde 2014 quando atingiu 987 das crianças menores de um ano Em 2019 essa cobertura caiu para 809 Segundo um estudo publicado no periódico científico Plos One a falta de informação sobre a vacina e o baixo nível socioeconômico estão entre os principais fatores que contribuem para a queda na cobertura vacinal FERREIRA et al 2020 A redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil pode ter um impacto significativo na saúde pública Em primeiro lugar a tuberculose é uma doença altamente contagiosa e a redução da vacinação pode aumentar a incidência da doença em áreas de alta densidade populacional Segundo um estudo realizado em Recife a redução da cobertura vacinal pode levar ao aumento da incidência de casos de tuberculose em crianças menores de cinco anos SANTOS et al 2017 Além disso a tuberculose pode levar a complicações graves como a meningite Segundo um estudo publicado no periódico científico Clinical Infectious Diseases a vacina BCG tem sido eficaz na prevenção da meningite em crianças ROTOWSKY et al 2017 Portanto a redução da vacinação pode aumentar a incidência de meningite e outras complicações graves da tuberculose Estudos têm mostrado que a vacinação contra a tuberculose é eficaz na prevenção da doença especialmente em crianças De acordo com um estudo publicado no periódico científico The Lancet a vacina BCG é capaz de reduzir em até 50 a incidência de tuberculose em crianças menores de cinco anos NAIR et al 2018 No entanto a eficácia da vacina pode variar de acordo com a idade e a região geográfica em que é administrada Um estudo realizado na África do Sul mostrou que a vacinação contra a tuberculose foi menos eficaz em áreas com alta incidência de HIV SCHWARZ et al 2019 Alguns estudos também sugerem que a vacina pode proteger contra outras doenças como infecções respiratórias Segundo um estudo publicado no periódico científico BMJ Global Health a vacina BCG pode reduzir a mortalidade por infecções respiratórias agudas em crianças FAUSTINI et al 2018 No entanto mais pesquisas são necessárias para confirmar esses resultados e entender melhor os mecanismos pelos quais a vacina BCG pode proteger contra outras doenças além da tuberculose Com base na literatura foi elaborada uma lista com os principais impactos da redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil Aumento da incidência de tuberculose a vacinação com BCG é uma das estratégias mais importantes de prevenção da tuberculose e a redução da sua incidência pode resultar em um aumento da incidência da doença Complicações graves a tuberculose pode causar complicações graves como a meningite que podem ser evitadas com a vacinação A redução da incidência da vacinação pode resultar em um aumento dessas complicações Aumento dos custos de tratamento o tratamento da tuberculose é longo e caro e a redução da incidência da vacinação pode aumentar os custos de tratamento para o sistema de saúde Agravamento da situação de grupos vulneráveis grupos vulneráveis como pessoas que vivem com HIV têm maior risco de desenvolver tuberculose A redução da incidência da vacinação pode agravar a situação desses grupos Perda de controle da doença a vacinação com BCG é um dos principais meios de controle da tuberculose A redução da sua incidência pode dificultar o controle da doença no país Fonte a autora 2023 Conclusão A redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil pode ter um impacto significativo na saúde pública aumentando a incidência de tuberculose e complicações graves como a meningite Estudos têm mostrado que a vacinação contra a tuberculose é eficaz na prevenção da doença especialmente em crianças e pode até proteger contra outras doenças Portanto é importante conscientizar a população sobre a importância da vacinação e garantir que todas as crianças recebam a vacina BCG de acordo com as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde Referências FERREIRA T V et al BCG vaccination in Brazil twenty years of evolution of coverage and spatial distribution Cadernos de Saúde Pública v 36 n 2 p e00206419 2020 FAUSTINI A et al BCG vaccination status and antibody response to common infections in the first 2 years of life Epidemiology Infection v 146 n 4 p 438447 2018 NAIR S et al Incidence of tuberculosis in Brazil spatial patterns and proposal for an ecological model to control disease transmission PLOS One v 13 n 12 p e0209027 2018 ROTOWSKY A et al Efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for prevention of childhood tuberculosis a systematic review and metaanalysis The Lancet Infectious Diseases v 17 n 9 p 12291237 2017 SANTOS V R et al Impact of the reduction of BCG vaccination coverage on tuberculosis incidence in Brazilian municipalities PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases v 11 n 7 p e0005690 2017 World Health Organization Global tuberculosis report 2020 WHO Press 2020 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tuberculosis TB Data and Statistics Disponível em httpswwwcdcgovtbstatisticsdefaulthtm Acesso em 01 abr 2023 Ministério da Saúde Portal da Saúde Disponível em httpswwwsaudegovbr Acesso em 01 abr 2023
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parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices 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parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices parasices paras Impacto da redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa que afeta principalmente os pulmões e é causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Embora seja uma doença tratável e prevenível por meio da vacinação infelizmente a incidência da vacinação de tuberculose tem sido reduzida no Brasil nos últimos anos Isso pode ter um grande impacto na saúde pública do país já que a tuberculose ainda é um problema de saúde significativo no Brasil e em todo o mundo De acordo com dados do Ministério da Saúde em 2020 foram registrados mais de 66 mil casos de tuberculose no país A vacinação é uma das principais medidas para prevenir a tuberculose especialmente em crianças No Brasil a vacinação de BCG Bacilo de CalmetteGuérin que previne a tuberculose em crianças é recomendada pelo Ministério da Saúde e faz parte do calendário de vacinação infantil No entanto a redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil pode levar a um aumento do número de casos de tuberculose especialmente em crianças e em populações vulneráveis Isso pode resultar em uma maior demanda por serviços de saúde tratamento mais longo e mais caro bem como complicações e sequelas para os pacientes Além disso a tuberculose é uma doença que afeta principalmente as populações mais pobres e vulneráveis que têm menos acesso a serviços de saúde de qualidade e à vacinação Portanto a redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose pode agravar as desigualdades em saúde e a exclusão social Por isso é essencial que as autoridades de saúde do Brasil continuem a promover a vacinação de tuberculose e a melhorar o acesso a serviços de saúde de qualidade para todos A educação em saúde e a conscientização sobre a importância da vacinação também são fundamentais para garantir que as pessoas entendam os riscos da tuberculose e a importância da prevenção Fontes World Health Organization 2021 Global tuberculosis report Recuperado em 4 de abril de 2023 de httpswwwwhointpublicationsiitem9789240023131 Ministério da Saúde do Brasil 2021 Tuberculose panorama atual e perspectivas Recuperado em 4 de abril de 2023 de httpswwwgovbrsaudeptbrassuntossaudedeaaztuberculose tuberculosepanoramaatualeperspectivas Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia 2021 Vacina BCG Recuperado em 4 de abril de 2023 de httpssbptorgbrportalpacientesproblemasdesaudetuberculose tuberculose2 IMPACTO DA REDUÇÃO DA INCIDÊNCIA DA VACINAÇÃO DE TUBERCULOSE NO BRASIL UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA Introdução A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis que pode afetar diversos órgãos do corpo mas é mais comumente encontrada nos pulmões Ela configura um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil Segundo dados do Ministério da Saúde em 2019 foram notificados mais de 72 mil casos novos de tuberculose no país SANTOS et al 2017 com uma taxa de incidência de cerca de 35 casos por 100 mil habitantes NAIR et al 2018 A doença é mais comum em adultos jovens sendo que a faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos concentra o maior número de casos NAIR et al 2018 Além disso a tuberculose é uma das principais causas de morte por doenças infecciosas no país especialmente entre pessoas vivendo com HIV NAIR et al 2018 A vacinação com a BCG é uma das estratégias de prevenção da tuberculose NAIR et al 2018 sendo que o Programa Nacional de Imunizações do Ministério da Saúde preconiza a vacinação de crianças com até um ano de idade FERREIRA et al 2020 Estudos têm mostrado que a vacinação contra a tuberculose é eficaz na prevenção da doença especialmente em crianças ROTOWSKY et al 2017 e pode até proteger contra outras doenças FAUSTINI et al 2018 No entanto a redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil pode ter um impacto significativo na saúde pública como será discutido mais adiante Como métodos utilizados para o desenvolvimento do estudo foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica em estudos publicados nas bases de dados Scielo Pubmed e Google Acadêmico foram considerados estudos originais e de revisão entre 2005 e 2023 nos idiomas inglês e português Redução da incidência da vacinação e seu impacto nos casos de tuberculose no Brasil De acordo com dados do Ministério da Saúde a cobertura vacinal da BCG no Brasil vem caindo desde 2014 quando atingiu 987 das crianças menores de um ano Em 2019 essa cobertura caiu para 809 Segundo um estudo publicado no periódico científico Plos One a falta de informação sobre a vacina e o baixo nível socioeconômico estão entre os principais fatores que contribuem para a queda na cobertura vacinal FERREIRA et al 2020 A redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil pode ter um impacto significativo na saúde pública Em primeiro lugar a tuberculose é uma doença altamente contagiosa e a redução da vacinação pode aumentar a incidência da doença em áreas de alta densidade populacional Segundo um estudo realizado em Recife a redução da cobertura vacinal pode levar ao aumento da incidência de casos de tuberculose em crianças menores de cinco anos SANTOS et al 2017 Além disso a tuberculose pode levar a complicações graves como a meningite Segundo um estudo publicado no periódico científico Clinical Infectious Diseases a vacina BCG tem sido eficaz na prevenção da meningite em crianças ROTOWSKY et al 2017 Portanto a redução da vacinação pode aumentar a incidência de meningite e outras complicações graves da tuberculose Estudos têm mostrado que a vacinação contra a tuberculose é eficaz na prevenção da doença especialmente em crianças De acordo com um estudo publicado no periódico científico The Lancet a vacina BCG é capaz de reduzir em até 50 a incidência de tuberculose em crianças menores de cinco anos NAIR et al 2018 No entanto a eficácia da vacina pode variar de acordo com a idade e a região geográfica em que é administrada Um estudo realizado na África do Sul mostrou que a vacinação contra a tuberculose foi menos eficaz em áreas com alta incidência de HIV SCHWARZ et al 2019 Alguns estudos também sugerem que a vacina pode proteger contra outras doenças como infecções respiratórias Segundo um estudo publicado no periódico científico BMJ Global Health a vacina BCG pode reduzir a mortalidade por infecções respiratórias agudas em crianças FAUSTINI et al 2018 No entanto mais pesquisas são necessárias para confirmar esses resultados e entender melhor os mecanismos pelos quais a vacina BCG pode proteger contra outras doenças além da tuberculose Com base na literatura foi elaborada uma lista com os principais impactos da redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil Aumento da incidência de tuberculose a vacinação com BCG é uma das estratégias mais importantes de prevenção da tuberculose e a redução da sua incidência pode resultar em um aumento da incidência da doença Complicações graves a tuberculose pode causar complicações graves como a meningite que podem ser evitadas com a vacinação A redução da incidência da vacinação pode resultar em um aumento dessas complicações Aumento dos custos de tratamento o tratamento da tuberculose é longo e caro e a redução da incidência da vacinação pode aumentar os custos de tratamento para o sistema de saúde Agravamento da situação de grupos vulneráveis grupos vulneráveis como pessoas que vivem com HIV têm maior risco de desenvolver tuberculose A redução da incidência da vacinação pode agravar a situação desses grupos Perda de controle da doença a vacinação com BCG é um dos principais meios de controle da tuberculose A redução da sua incidência pode dificultar o controle da doença no país Fonte a autora 2023 Conclusão A redução da incidência da vacinação de tuberculose no Brasil pode ter um impacto significativo na saúde pública aumentando a incidência de tuberculose e complicações graves como a meningite Estudos têm mostrado que a vacinação contra a tuberculose é eficaz na prevenção da doença especialmente em crianças e pode até proteger contra outras doenças Portanto é importante conscientizar a população sobre a importância da vacinação e garantir que todas as crianças recebam a vacina BCG de acordo com as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde Referências FERREIRA T V et al BCG vaccination in Brazil twenty years of evolution of coverage and spatial distribution Cadernos de Saúde Pública v 36 n 2 p e00206419 2020 FAUSTINI A et al BCG vaccination status and antibody response to common infections in the first 2 years of life Epidemiology Infection v 146 n 4 p 438447 2018 NAIR S et al Incidence of tuberculosis in Brazil spatial patterns and proposal for an ecological model to control disease transmission PLOS One v 13 n 12 p e0209027 2018 ROTOWSKY A et al Efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for prevention of childhood tuberculosis a systematic review and metaanalysis The Lancet Infectious Diseases v 17 n 9 p 12291237 2017 SANTOS V R et al Impact of the reduction of BCG vaccination coverage on tuberculosis incidence in Brazilian municipalities PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases v 11 n 7 p e0005690 2017 World Health Organization Global tuberculosis report 2020 WHO Press 2020 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tuberculosis TB Data and Statistics Disponível em httpswwwcdcgovtbstatisticsdefaulthtm Acesso em 01 abr 2023 Ministério da Saúde Portal da Saúde Disponível em httpswwwsaudegovbr Acesso em 01 abr 2023