Perfil de País Africano e Relações com a China - Análise Preliminar

INT 333 Country Profile Paper Instructions and Guidelines Students will choose an African country of focus approved by Dr Daspit Both background data on the chosen country itself and its relationship with China will be collected The written paper will be a summary and preliminary analysis of the key ChinaAfrica issues for the selected country Data Collection Background Data Provide countryspecific data on major themes politics economics society transnational issues Helpful resource The CIA World Factbook ChinaCountry Data Historical background to your countrys relationship with China can be found in the regional chapters in the China and Africa book by Shinn and Eisenman China and Africa Research Initiative Johns Hopkins University o Overview data for the continent and o Countryspecific data on key issues including Chinese loans investment trade contracts agricultural investments workers and Chinese global foreign aid are available These Excel data may be downloaded and filtered for your selected country Current Events Conduct a search within Randall Library for popular articles and new pieces regarding current events andor trends in relations between your country and China Incorporate at least two of these sources into your write up WriteUp Your paper should be approximately 5 pages in length General formatting 15 spacing Times or Times New Roman font 12point font last name and page in footer Include the following sections in your paper o Introduction and background to your African country o Detailed description of Chinas connection to your country using collected datastatistics Be sure to contextualize your specific data in terms of the larger trends in ChinaAfrica relations across key issues eg trade aid military etc For example is your country receiving a substantial share of total Chinese foreign aid flowing into the continent Did your country receive Chinese aid in the past but now in recent years it is receiving substantially less or none o Summary and Analysis Summarize your findings Based upon all of the above how would you characterize your countrys relationship with China Do you see it from a pessimistic or optimistic viewpoint Is the relationship emblematic of the winwin progress and equality that China promises Be sure to cite your sources and include a Works Cited page at the end of your written report does not count toward page length MOZAMBIQUE INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Mozambique is a country in Southern Africa which is located in the Indian Ocean The country is bordered by countries such as Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Malawi Eswati and South Africa In its features it appears that the country was for a long time a colony of Portuguese origin Its coast extends from the Indian Ocean to the east of the country is about 2500 kilometers long facing Madagascar In analyzing its colonial history around 1947 the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama arrived on the island for the first time However in that territory there was already a concentration of Arabs and the determined religion was Islam In this way the Portuguese saw a form of expansion and began to sign beneficial agreements until they managed to found the Portuguese settlement of Sena After the foundation of Sena expansion due to the new government of Mavura in 1627 In this way he was declared a vassal of Portugal Subsequently to that other governments also came to power the relationship between Portugal and the rulers was conflicting several times But there was an understanding at the end With this there was interest from the Portuguese in the Zambezi and in ivory Then in the 17th century the Portuguese government determined that the lands occupied by the Portuguese in Mozambique belonged to the Portuguese Crown causing great turmoil to all On the other hand the people inhabiting the region had great power leading to armed conflicts In short there are a lot of conflicts in the territory of Mozambique whether by settlers and Portuguese or by the people themselves Regarding the economy and production only in 1830 with the extinction of the terms which were the ways to receive the lands and with the abolition of slavery However even with the existence of labor characterized as forced the Portuguese leave aside ivory and Zambezi And in this way they start to invest in agriculture specifically in oilseeds sesame This investment ended up not being carried out since production could not reach high levels However it contributed to the full initiation of agriculture since by means of a decree there was the imposition of several established means for the payment of fees in relation to what was produced with imposition on those who lived there Briefly given this historical opinion it was only in 1974 that the War of Independence took place in Mozambique so compared to other countries this is a recent achievement having only been in effect for 48 years In other words the country is still going through several processes of reconfiguration and affirmation This largely stems from the fact that the Portuguese departure from its territory was made abruptly generating an economic deficit interfering in several spheres MOZAMBIQUE AND CHINA CONTEXTUALIZATION Subsequently the War of Independence China quickly establishes diplomatic relations with Mozambique Since China was in a way the enabler of Mozambiques relationship to socialism which made it possible for the country to effectively achieve its independence It is evident that subservience to Portugal was not beneficial to China and other supporters of the socialist regime In this way in 1974 with the implementation of the Cold War and consequently the proposal and incentive of fuel consumer goods and war material to the country Mozambique as well as to the others There was a real possibility for the country to have a new perspective and openness to other relations both for its own development and for the help of other countries in its territory Allied to the fact that it is estimated that about 31 million people inhabit and live in completely rural areas As mentioned earlier under the influence of Portuguese colonization agriculture became the main source of resources for the country It is worth noting that it also has great resources water natural gas and newly discovered resources in the sea Mozambique compared to other countries is located in a privileged position Since the country borders landlocked countries they are therefore dependent on Mozambique to create a global market channel It so happens that Mozambique dominates the region and thus facilitates its foreign relations However the country in economic terms even with this privilege suffers from a low human development index low schooling rate low life expectancy And other indices defined by the UN In this way the figure of the country China in its territory becomes essential and this relationship dates back to the War of Independence The initial and effective contact dates from June 25 1975 Then from that date onwards several agreements were signed between the two countries Such agreements were validated as cooperation measures in which they were validated in the areas of health agriculture and defense In particular the health agreement determined sending health professionals Initially China used the territory of Mozambique to establish stateowned companies but at that first moment there was no great advance due to other factors such as support for Angolas civil war It so happened that during that time China supported a movement for total independence and Mozambique supported another movement that of liberation Another factor that needs to be addressed is Mozambiques inclination towards the Soviet side towards the Chinese government itself In addition after that there was a great collapse of the socialist system which further shook the economy of Mozambique thus China further strengthened ties and saw in this opportunity a means of greater control for Mozambique In the midst of this chaos the country also had to open up its relations with other countries especially South Africa However these relationships were marked by tensions due to racial segregation in South Africa In this way Mozambique begins to effect its external dependence making it highly indebted The country starts to use with great recurrence the IMFInternational Monetary Fund and the BM World Bank It is worth noting that the country Mozambique did not have a way to stabilize itself economically effectively it was necessary the support and help of some country However the country needed effort organization and several other guidelines to be able to find direction and change its economic scenario However that was not what happened culminating in large indebtedness until the 1999 Over the years Mozambique became part of the list of countries that most found financial support in China this data is dated from 2006 With this in data analyzed after the 2000s a new era of cooperation between Mozambique and China In this new era of cooperation bilateral agreements are created and signed in the sense of education trade science technologies and other areas In this new era Mozambique starts to have more benefits for its country such as infrastructure improvements construction of a new building in which Denmark also benefited construction of state conference centers in addition to ministries There was also great progress in investment in security and defense This is due to the fact that from 2001 to 2007 China was ranked 6th as a result of its bilateral trade With that Mozambique solidified itself as the second largest Chinese partner ahead of Angola and establishing itself as fourth in the community of Portuguese speaking countries Regarding the FDI analysis Foreign Direct Investment of the BRICs China is also the second largest investor in Mozambique In 2015 there were about 133 projects approved in the territory of the country Mozambique In general analysis we can point out that in a way the country withdrew Portuguese rule from its territory and started to have Chinese rule This is a fact which should not be analyzed in a negative way because according to the analysis made in the period prior to the cooperation between China and Mozambique there were great advances Given this context currently the country Mozambique has not suffered a contraction in its development since it suffers and receives constant incentives It is worth mentioning that such incentives are not made without payment As already mentioned Mozambique has a foreign debt that still exists However in any case the economic system in the country occurs In conclusion the relationship between China and Mozambique has many controversies since each author has a vision on the subject Some are based only on what this generates for Mozambique others are based on what is generated for only China some for both sides In a way we cannot deny indebtedness but we cannot leave aside issues such as the real growth of Mozambique In analyzing the last decades of Mozambican independence it is clear to point out that there was a gain and the relationship is very beneficial in itself Another essential point to address is that the country just suffered a retraction like all others as a result of the COVID19 pandemic that hit the entire globe in recent times and a section was also created to order the receipt of vaccines supplies and assistance It is estimated that in terms of data China has enabled Mozambique to create around 23133 thousand new jobs in recent years as reformulation takes place throughout the territory expanding all sectors such as infrastructure health commerce It so happens that there was a possibility of growth of 39 in Africa with the data dated from 2014 BIBLIOGRAPHY ALVES LAMAS I BUENO N Mozambique and a war that seems to have no end in Terra Sonâmbula Journal of Social Sciences v 52 no 1 p 109138 31 Jan 2021 MABUCANHANE N L The new era of MozambiqueChina cooperation debates dilemmas realities and institutional policy perspectives Space and Economy Brazilian Journal of Economic Geography n 7 17 Dec 2015 CARNEIRO I China and Mozambique an emerging relationship Available at httpswwwacademiaedu25567601AChinaeMoC3A7ambiqueumarela C3A7C3A3oemergente Access on 16 Sep 2022 How to stay fit while travelling 1 Mix up your cardio Go for a jog or walk around your hotel or destination to explore while getting your heart rate up 2 Bodyweight exercises Pushups squats lunges and planks require no equipment and can be done in your hotel room 3 Use gym facilities If available take advantage of hotel gyms for strength training or treadmill workouts 4 Stretch and stay active Incorporate stretching or yoga to improve flexibility and reduce stiffness after long flights 5 Pack resistance bands These lightweight bands allow for a variety of strength training exercises onthego 6 Stay consistent Aim for at least 2030 minutes of physical activity daily to maintain your fitness level while traveling