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THE D IFFERENCE BETWEEN DIABETES MELLITUS AND DIABETES INSIPIDUS: 1. The etiology differs greatly. Diabetes mellitus is a disease of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin, whereas diabetes insipidus is related to the antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 2. Because the renal tubules are unable to retain water, the patient with diabetes insipidus excretes large volumes of dilute urine (4-20 litres in 24 hours is not uncommon). If fluid intake is limited, the patient will develop a severe fluid volume deficit and changes in level of consciousness, blood pressure and circulation. 3. The urine test of diabetes insipidus will show a complete lack of sugar when the urine is tested, whereas it the test is positive in diabetes mellitus. 4. There is no glycosuria in diabetes insipidus, thus a urinalysis for sugar will show a negative reading with dipstix or other tests though there may be traces of albumin. 5. Other symptoms of diabetes mellitus such as numbness and tingling, leg or foot ulcers, hypertension and vomiting are absent. Francisca O. Salvador
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Texto de pré-visualização
THE D IFFERENCE BETWEEN DIABETES MELLITUS AND DIABETES INSIPIDUS: 1. The etiology differs greatly. Diabetes mellitus is a disease of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin, whereas diabetes insipidus is related to the antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 2. Because the renal tubules are unable to retain water, the patient with diabetes insipidus excretes large volumes of dilute urine (4-20 litres in 24 hours is not uncommon). If fluid intake is limited, the patient will develop a severe fluid volume deficit and changes in level of consciousness, blood pressure and circulation. 3. The urine test of diabetes insipidus will show a complete lack of sugar when the urine is tested, whereas it the test is positive in diabetes mellitus. 4. There is no glycosuria in diabetes insipidus, thus a urinalysis for sugar will show a negative reading with dipstix or other tests though there may be traces of albumin. 5. Other symptoms of diabetes mellitus such as numbness and tingling, leg or foot ulcers, hypertension and vomiting are absent. Francisca O. Salvador