MAPA-Língua Inglesa II-Unicesumar-Dicas para Professores Iniciantes

29082022 1447 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 12 MAPA LET LÍNGUA INGLESA II 532022 Período22082022 0800 a 16092022 2359 Horário de Brasília StatusABERTO Nota máxima300 GabaritoGabarito não está liberado Nota obtida 1ª QUESTÃO Imagine that you are a novice teacher of English at a language school You are surfing the Net looking for materials for your lessons and you come across the text below with some tips for teachers 5 Beginning Teachers 10 Great Tips By James Davis Five new teachers share their strategies for success and sanity Novice classroom teachers offer a great deal to schools at all levels They often bring creativity a high level of energy and new and effective ways to use technology With that said new teachers may experience stress and confusion as they take the reins in their new classroom As they wrapped up their first year five beginning teachers shared reflections on experiences and lessons learned over the prior 10 months They offer these tips for teachers beginning their first year in a classroom of their own 1 Make time to talk Set aside time to talk with your students Getting to know them and building meaningful relationships will help improve academics student behavior and the overall quality of classroom experiences But dont limit your talks to the classroom Conversations with students in the cafeteria on the playground in the hallway and in the bus lot have meaningful and lasting results Be purposeful with your conversations but talk about more than school Youll be amazed by what you learn about your students from their laughter and their stories Their smiles personal connections and humor will remind you why you wanted to be a teacher in the first place 2 Dont make comparisons Do not compare yourself to veteran teachers other new teachers or someone working down the hall Although beginning teachers always look for ways to become more effective ways to be stronger communicators and ways to manage students and their behaviors it is unrealistic to compare yourself to others Strive for excellence model the best that you see but be yourself Have confidence in who you are and know that the classroom is a place for you to set goals and create successes for you and your students Welcome ideas and suggestions from teammates but feel empowered to celebrate your individuality as a teacher to try new things and make your classroom the place where everyone wants to be One day youll be the one impressing the new kids on the block 3 Stay caught up Beginning teachers face a flood of deadlines and due dates Staying on top of it all can be a constant battle Try to abide by the touch it once rule If someone shows up at your door looking for a signature or requesting funds for a staff party take that moment to complete the task This rule works with grading assignments as well Assign meaningful tasks to students and score them quickly A mountain of papers is the last thing a hardworking teacher wants to see when the final bell rings 4 Never underestimate the power of an exit pass At the end of a class an exit pass allows you to quickly check for mastery The exit pass gives you the opportunity to gather ideas and feedback from students to help you plan for the next days lesson 29082022 1447 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 22 5 Make friends fast Smart teachers immediately befriend the custodians and the secretaries at their school but dont stop there Branch out Show administrators lead teachers parents assistants and volunteers that you are someone who values their hard work and a relationship with them A kind word a high five a note an email or a small token of appreciation can go a long way 6 Get comfortable with data Data is a word that educators associate with testing but its so much more Become a true expert on the data within your classroom Create your own data dig and purposefully explore items such as student attendance report card grades quarterly assessments and discipline referrals 7 Fall in loveThe subject or topic or unit that you like the least may be the one you struggle with the most Fall in love with what you like the least Make the specific subject or topic a priority Do whatever it takes to convince yourself and in turn convince your students that you love the topic the topic matters and is relevant to daily life 8 Devise a bag of tricks As the year progresses youll discover instructional strategies bulletin board ideas websites or projects that you are interested in exploring Throughout the year write those ideas and thoughts on an index card place them into a bag and revisit the bag regularly before school after school or on teacher workdays The bag allows you to gather great ideas in one location for use as needed 9 Embrace the circumstances One beginning teacher shared a comment made by a university professor When students come to your classroom they need to leave all of their issues at the door and focus solely on academics This is tolerable in theory and detrimental in practice Embrace circumstances rather than denying them Recognizing students home situations and socioeconomic statuses validates those in need and promotes their success 10 Know the ins and outs Early on and throughout the year know what is expected of you as a beginning teacher Brainstorm your questions and ask them early What is the process if a student gets sick What are the resources I can offer to a troubled kid What is the process for an early release day or severe weather When in doubt ask Disponível em httpswwwamleorg5beginningteachers10greattips Acesso em 28 de jun 2022 Adaptado After you read the article on the website you see the following questions which of those 10 tips do you think is the most useful for you Why You decide to leave your answer on the comments of the web page This way write a text in which you respond to those questions You must start by explaining the tip that you think is the most useful for you as a teacher then you should explain the reason why you think it is the most useful Your text must be written in English and contain from 160 240 words Atenção Utilize o formulário padrão para o envio do mapa O arquivo encontrase na pasta material da disciplina Atentese às instruções e intervenções realizadas pelos professores formadores e mediadores em aulas ao vivo e no ambiente online de aprendizagem Studeo por meio do Mural de avisos e Mensagem Assista ao vídeo com explicações sobre a realização da atividade que está disponível na página da disciplina Atentese aos materiais complementares que possam ser utilizados para a realização da atividade Esses em caso de uso estarão na pasta material da disciplina A atividade precisa ser desenvolvida por você portanto não utilize cópias indevidas de atividades já realizadas por terceiros assim como cópias indevidas de textos disponíveis na web Em caso de dúvida entre em contato com seu professora mediadora Bons estudos ALTERNATIVAS Nenhum arquivo enviado 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 116 ATIVIDADE 3 LET LÍNGUA INGLESA II 532022 Período29082022 0800 a 16092022 2359 Horário de Brasília StatusABERTO Nota máxima050 GabaritoGabarito será liberado no dia 17092022 0000 Horário de Brasília Nota obtida 1ª QUESTÃO Durante a pandemia de Covid19 devido às medidas de restrição de contatos físicos as plataformas digitais de comunicação que permitem a interação síncrona passaram a ser ainda mais utilizadas do que antes em diferentes situações de trabalho de estudos na esfera pessoal etc O texto abaixo explica os motivos pelos quais o uso dessas plataformas tende a causar maior cansaço em seus usuários do que as interações presenciais físicas The reason Zoom calls drain your energy Video chat is helping us stay employed and connected But what makes it so tiring and how can we reduce Zoom fatigue Your screen freezes Theres a weird echo A dozen heads stare at you There are the work huddles the one onone meetings and then once youre done for the day the hangouts with friends and family Since the Covid19 pandemic hit were on video calls more than ever before and many are finding it exhausting But what exactly is tiring us out BBC Worklife spoke to Gianpiero Petriglieri an associate professor at Insead who explores sustainable learning and development in the workplace and Marissa Shuffler an associate professor at Clemson University who studies workplace wellbeing and teamwork effectiveness to hear their views Is video chat harder Whats different compared to facetoface communication Being on a video call requires more focus than a facetoface chat says Petriglieri Video chats mean we need to work harder to process nonverbal cues like facial expressions the tone and pitch of the voice and body language paying more attention to these consumes a lot of energy Our minds are together when our bodies feel were not That dissonance which causes people to have conflicting feelings is exhausting You cannot relax into the conversation naturally he says Silence is another challenge he adds Silence creates a natural rhythm in a reallife conversation However when it happens in a video call you become anxious about the technology It also makes people uncomfortable One 2014 study by German academics showed that delays on phone or conferencing systems shaped our views of people negatively even delays of 12 seconds made people perceive the responder as less friendly or focused An added factor says Shuffler is that if we are physically on camera we are very aware of being watched When youre on a video conference you know everybodys looking at you you are on stage so there comes the social pressure and feeling like you need to perform Being performative is nervewracking and more stressful Its also very hard for people not to look at their own face if they can see it on screen or not to be conscious of how they behave in front of the camera How are the current circumstances contributing Yet if video chats come with extra stressors our Zoom fatigue cant be attributed solely to that Our current circumstances whether lockdown quarantine working from home or otherwise are also feeding in Petriglieri believes that fact we feel forced into these calls may be a contributory factor The video call is our 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 216 reminder of the people we have lost temporarily It is the distress that every time you see someone online such as your colleagues that reminds you we should really be in the workplace together he says What Im finding is were all exhausted It doesnt matter whether they are introverts or extroverts We are experiencing the same disruption of the familiar context during the pandemic Then theres the fact that aspects of our lives that used to be separate work friends family are all now happening in the same space The selfcomplexity theory posits that individuals have multiple aspects contextdependent social roles relationships activities and goals and we find the variety healthy says Petriglieri When these aspects are reduced we become more vulnerable to negative feelings Most of our social roles happen in different places but now the context has collapsed says Petriglieri Imagine if you go to a bar and in the same bar you talk with your professors meet your parents or date someone isnt it weird Thats what were doing now We are confined in our own space in the context of a very anxietyprovoking crisis and our only space for interaction is a computer window Shuffler says a lack of downtime after weve fulfilled work and family commitments may be another factor in our tiredness while some of us may be putting higher expectations on ourselves due to worries over the economy furloughs and job losses Theres also that heightened sense of I need to be performing at my top level in a situation Some of us are kind of overperforming to secure our jobs But when Im Zooming my friends for example shouldnt that relax me Lots of us are doing big group chats for the first time whether its cooking and eating a virtual Easter dinner attending a university catchup or holding a birthday party for a friend If the call is meant to be fun why might it feel tiring Part of it says Shuffler is whether youre joining in because you want to or because you feel you ought to like a virtual happy hour with colleagues from work If you see it as an obligation that means more time that youre on as opposed to getting a break A proper chat with friends will feel more social and there will be less Zoom fatigue from conversations where youve had a chance to be yourself Big group calls can feel particularly performative Petriglieri warns People like watching television because you can allow your mind to wander but a large video call is like youre watching television and television is watching you Large group chats can also feel depersonalising he adds because your power as an individual is diminished And despite the branding it may not feel like leisure time It doesnt matter whether you call it a virtual happy hour its a meeting because mostly we are used to using these tools for work So how can we alleviate Zoom fatigue Both experts suggest limiting video calls to those that are necessary Turning on the camera should be optional and in general there should be more understanding that cameras do not always have to be on throughout each meeting Having your screen off to the side instead of straight ahead could also help your concentration particularly in group meetings says Petriglieri It makes you feel like youre in an adjoining room so may be less tiring In some cases its worth considering if video chats are really the most efficient option When it comes to work Shuffler suggests shared files with clear notes can be a better option that avoids information overload She also suggests taking time during meetings to catch up before diving into business Spend some time to actually check into peoples wellbeing she urges Its a way to reconnect us with the world and to maintain trust and reduce fatigue and concern Building transition periods in between video meetings can also help refresh us try stretching having a drink or doing a bit of exercise our experts say Boundaries and transitions are important we need to create buffers which allow us to put one identity aside and then go to another as we move between work and private personas 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 316 And maybe says Petriglieri if you want to reach out go oldschool Write a letter to someone instead of meeting them on Zoom Tell them you really care about them Disponível em httpswwwbbccomworklifearticle20200421whyzoomvideochatsareso exhausting Acesso em 15 jul 2020 Adaptado Considerando as informações contidas no texto analise as afirmações a seguir I De acordo com Petriglieri as conversas realizadas por meio de chamadas por vídeo tendem a deixar as pessoas mais relaxadas uma vez que elas podem observar as expressões faciais das outras pessoas mais atentamente II Além do cansaço provocado pelo uso do Zoom há outros elementos que alimentam o estresse no período da pandemia Tratase das circunstâncias que foram impostas tais como o confinamento ou a quarentena ou trabalhar a partir de casa ou alguma outra III De acordo com Petrigleri outro fator que contribui para o cansaço provocado pelas chamadas por vídeo é o fato de que nos sentimos forçados a estar nelas Uma chamada entre colegas do trabalho por exemplo nos faz lembrar que nós deveríamos na verdade estar juntos no local de trabalho IV De acordo com os especialistas uma das formas de se aliviar o cansaço provocado pelo excesso de vídeo chamadas é manter sempre as câmeras ligadas durante a chamada Isso permitirá que a interação se dê de forma mais parecida com os encontros presenciais fazendo com que a conversa seja menos exaustiva É correto o que se afirma em ALTERNATIVAS I e II apenas II e III apenas III e IV apenas I III e IV apenas I II III e IV 2ª QUESTÃO Em língua inglesa precisamos estar atentos às formas e aos usos das Conditionals condicionais Nessas construções é comum a utilização do termo if para indicar uma condição para que alguma ação ou evento aconteça As principais condicionais da língua inglesa são zero first second e third conditionals A partir dessa ideia leia o texto que segue MAJELLA MOYNIHAN REVEALS SHE SURVIVED FIVE SUICIDE ATTEMPTS AFTER MISTREATMENT FROM GARDAI Majella Moynihan has spoken about her pregnancy while in the gardai who she says forced her to give up her child As a young recruit she and another young garda had a sexual relationship Ms Moynihan became pregnant in the 1980s and was charged for having premarital sex with another garda She was forced to give up her child for adoption and had to face gossip from her force in the Store Street garda station Dublin Ms Moynihan said she was shunned by the Guards but said they were there the best they could 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 416 She added that a higher up garda told her If you had had an abortion you wouldnt have brought discredit on the force Speaking to Sean ORourke on RTE Radio One Ms Moynihan revealed that she had tried to take her life five times She said Im strong they thought theyd break me They didnt Im a very strong woman I have done counselling for years and years they no longer have a hold over me today Im free Ms Moynihan said the superiors looked down on her having a relationship within the force but they werent the only couple When she thought she may have been pregnant the former garda went to a Well Woman clinic where they confirmed her pregnancy I stayed on the beat until I was 17 weeks and then I told a female inspector who told me to tell my superior she recalled Ms Moyihan went to Cura a pregnancy crisis agency at the time who she said were very supportive She continued I would have been lost without them As I said on many occasions no one knew about my pregnancy Ms Moynihan said she was never once told by her superiors that she was not to have a sexual relation with another Garda When asked if she thought to go to the Garda Representative Association the mother said she was never made aware of the organisation No one ever told me that I could have had someone beside me to support me no one came forward to support me she insisted It was GRA s job to come to me not me to go to them The welfare officers in the Gardai at the time didnt apporach me I was very much alone in that period of darkness It was horrific Every day I put on my uniform and thought of my unborn child What if I was assaulted and couldnt tell my story to anyone Ms Moynihan said she had no support from the Gardai or GRA When Ms Moynihan welcomed her son David at Galway Regional Hospital where she was refused an epidural and her child was taken out of her arms She recalled I was in horrific pain I ripped myself I felt I was nothing to them 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 516 Speaking through tears Ms Moynihan said When David was born they just took him They just took him Ms Moynihan wonders if she had come from a strong family would she have been treated in such a way I often wonder if I had come from a strong family would they have done this I dont think so She said From the first time I told the authorities it was adoption adoption adoption I often wonder if I had been supported bytheGardai would I have kept my baby Its a decision I regret to this day Following her interview a Garda spokesman told Extraie Arrangements will be made today Monday June 17 2019 to provide Ms Moynihan with a personal apology from the Commissioner Disponível em httpsbitly32Hev1c Acesso em 17 de jun 2019 Adaptado Após a leitura do texto avalie as assertivas e assinale a alternativa correta I O excerto From the first time I told the authorities it was adoption adoption adoption não contém condicionais II O trecho If you had had an abortion you wouldnt have brought discredit on the force apresenta uma construção na Third Conditional III A frase Arrangements will be made today Monday June 17 2019 to provide Ms Moynihan with a personal apology from the Commissioner está na First Conditinal já que apresenta o modal will IV A frase Ms Moynihan wonders if she had come from a strong family would she have been treated in such a way poderia ser escrita da seguinte forma Ms Moyniahn wonders if she didnt come from a strong family would she be treated in such a way sem alteração significativa de seu sentido É correto o que se afirma em ALTERNATIVAS I e II apenas I II e III apenas I III e IV apenas II III e IV apenas I II III e IV 3ª QUESTÃO On the concept of Signposting consider the text below 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 616 Effective Signposting By Erika Suffern Signposts are words or phrases that help articulate the structure of a piece of writing and ensure that readers dont get lost Signposting will flag the most important parts of an argument signal transitions and clarify the stakes of an argument Here are some examples of helpful signposts This essay examines biblical symbolism in MobyDick This signpost states the focus of the essay After a review of recent scholarship on biblical symbolism I consider how Melville relates funerary symbolism to both death and rebirth This signpost clarifies how the authors focus is distinguished from previous scholarship My purpose in focusing on Queequegs coffin This signpost clarifies the stakes of the authors argument Single words and short phrases can be useful signposts such as additionally consequently however also in contrast But make sure to use these words correctly However should be used to pivot to an opposing idea or to acknowledge another side of an argument and consequently indicates that an idea is a result or consequence of a previously discussed idea or point Signposts that identify the sequence or direction of your argument can also be effective for example first next then finally or first second third and so on Using signposts can improve your writing by giving it structure and direction but excessive signposting creates unnecessary wordiness and can give the impression that you dont trust the readers ability to follow your argument or that youre grafting signposts on to compensate for a poorly articulated argument Here are some signposts that may do more harm than good Its important to note that Melvilles treatment Show dont tell what is important What I want to call attention to in this passage Skip the wordy opening lead with In this passage I will now turn to the pulpit of Father Mapple If youve signposted your essays structure at its beginning you dont have to give directions throughout As I argued in the previous section the symbolism of the white whale If the point has been well made your reader will remember it Summarize it briefly but you dont need to mention the earlier section Early drafts of an essay are likely to include some extra signposting because you may be developing and revising the essays structure as you write For this reason its a good idea to read the final draft of a piece of writing with an eye toward its transitions and signposts to make sure that they support and clarify your argument At this stage of revision you can eliminate any wordy or excessive signposts Disponível em httpsstylemlaorgeffectivesignposting Acesso em 01 de julho de 2022 Adaptado Taking the text into account consider the following statements I The term however must be used to indicate an idea of opposition or to identify the other side of an argument II By means of Signposting it is possible to structure a written text in a way that one can guide the reading process so the readers do not get lost III Expressions like additionally consequently however also in contrast must not be used in signposting for they can cause ambiguity within the text IV In the excerpt Summarize it briefly but you dont need to mention the earlier section the term dont need to has the same meaning as mustnt indicating that one cannot mention the previous section of the text It is correct what is stated on ALTERNATIVAS 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 716 III only I and II only III and IV only I II and IV only I II III e IV 4ª QUESTÃO Durante a pandemia de Covid19 a necessidade de isolamento físico fez com que muitas pessoas ficassem em quarentena em casa para evitar maiores riscos de contaminação pelo corona vírus Dentre essas pessoas muitas crianças diversas vezes acabaram desenvolvendo distúrbios alimentares de ordem emocional conforme explica o texto abaixo originalmente publicado no website do jornal The New York Times Emotional Eating in Quarantined Kids As parents stay home with their children in a situation of anxiety and uncertainty the recurring rituals of daily life eating and sleeping and occupying your time can be opportunities for comfort and family bonding or fraught expressions of stress and sometimes both in rapid succession Eating together can help a family through but for many people both adults and children the combination of food and stress is already complicated Bärbel Knäuper a professor of health psychology at McGill University pointed to the interconnectedness of sleep and exercise and structure and mental health and the ways that the current situation has affected all those different domains for many families Generally the two big things that make children emotionally eat are boredom and stress and we have a lot of that the children have a lot of that right now she said Dr Knäuper said that in the short term roughly half the population will eat more in response to stress and the other half will eat less but with longer sustained stress a majority tend to eat more Emotional eating can mean overeating in response to negative emotions anxiety sadness anger or boredom said Dr Julie Lumeng a professor of pediatrics at the University of Michigan who studies childrens eating behavior Those who study obesity distinguish emotional eating from other motivations that determine how much people eat such as their reactions to the availability of food or to satiety Dr Lumeng said that there is much more research on adults than on children when it comes to emotional overeating though there is increasing interest in how it develops in children Some studies suggest that there is a genetic contribution to emotional eating but that it doesnt really play a major role until adulthood she said Emotional eating in childhood seems to be due to the environment to parental modeling she said Do kids eat in response to stress Some kids do Dr Lumeng said But its worth looking more closely at what is disturbing them she said When we do think theyre eating more because of the pandemic is it because theyre emotionally distraught or anxiety depression or that theyre bored Those are the questions people ask she said In addition to the disruption of routines and the combined stress and boredom that the pandemic has brought to so many children there may be changes in what foods are available and for children who are creatures of routine not having their usual foods may be another stress So where does this leave parents home with their children If you think your child is emotionally overeating you would like to help the child manage their emotions better Dr Lumeng said help children understand this pandemic manage their fear manage their anger over what theyve lost That means of 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 816 course helping children do what many of us are having trouble doing ourselves a constant issue in parenthood Stephanie Manasse a clinical researcher who specializes in eating disorders and obesity who is an assistant research professor at Drexel University said Children really look to their parents as a model for how to cope with stress Children and teenagers are around their parents a great deal right now And they are likely to notice their parents eating and exercise habits Boredom can be an important factor But as we all know the remedy for boredom is activity structure engagement and this is a hard demand to place on parents who are already under plenty of stress working from home worrying about job loss supervising online classes keeping children entertained Parents who are home with their children may have a clearer window into their childrens eating habits and may notice problems they werent aware of whether secretive eating in a childs room or a child eating much less and avoiding mealtimes or spending a lot of time in the bathroom and possibly purging If parents are worried that a child may have an eating disorder Dr Manasse suggested looking to eating disorder centers for help via telehealth Parents dont have to hide these tensions from their children Dr Manasse suggested that parents talk with teenagers about how they are managing their own eating but also encourage them to get creative with social interactions and stay in touch with their peer groups for the general good of their mental health So yes try for basic routines and be aware of the importance of modeling it may help you keep yourself a little healthier as well for your own sake and your childrens Dr Knäuper spoke of gently asking the parents to reflect upon their own eating right now and how it has changed But dont be too hard on yourself and dont expect too much With all the things that have been disrupted in a childs life give them their milk their mac and cheese Dr Lumeng said Maybe right now is not the time to get them to expand their dietary repertoire to eat brussels sprouts Disponível em httpswwwnytimescom20200518wellfamilychildrenemotionaleating coronavirushtml Acesso em 13 de jul 2020 Considerando as informações contidas no texto avalie as assertivas como V para verdadeiras e F como falsas I Para a Dra Manasse as crianças e os adolescentes dificilmente notam os hábitos alimentares dos pais II De acordo com a Dra Lumeng algumas crianças comem em resposta ao estresse mas que vale a pena observar mais atentamente o que as está perturbando III De acordo com o texto os pais devem tentar ser mais exigentes consigo mesmos e com as crianças para que estas incluam alimentos diferentes e saudáveis em suas dietas durante o período da quarentena IV De acordo com o Dr Knäuper a curto prazo há um certo equilíbrio entre a quantidade de pessoas que tendem a comer mais e que tendem a comer menos em resposta ao estresse Porém em períodos prolongados de estresse a maioria das pessoas tende a comer mais As assertivas I II III e IV são respectivamente ALTERNATIVAS F V F V F F F V V F F F V F V F V V V F 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 916 5ª QUESTÃO Read the text below which is the abstract of a scientific study Medicine package inserts from the users perspective are they read and understood Bulas de medicamentos sob a perspectiva dos usuários elas são lidas e compreendidas Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol Sotero Serrate Mengue ABSTRACT Introduction The written information on medicines has been acknowledged as an important tool for health education Objective To analyze the use and understanding of medicine package inserts by users and assess sociodemographic and medical factors associated with their comprehension Method Data in this analysis are part of the PNAUM National Survey a crosssectional populationbased study conducted in Brazil Descriptive statistics and the Pearson χ2 tests were performed to compare proportions between sociodemographic and medical characteristics as well as use and understanding of medicine package inserts Results A total of 28427 individuals responded to questions related to medicine package inserts From these 596 95CI 577 615 said they usually read the inserts and 984 95CI 980 988 considered them necessary Among people who read the medicine package inserts more than half indicated difficulties with legibility 574 95CI 552 596 and readability 541 95CI 521 561 People from a lower education level reported greater difficulty in understanding them Conclusion The larger portion of the population usually read medicine package inserts Nevertheless people have difficulty in reading and understanding them Keywords Medicine package inserts Health communication Readability Disponível em httpsdoiorg1015901980549720190009 Acesso em 26 de junho de 2022 Adaptado Taking the text into account consider the following statements I The researchers of the study performed descriptive statistics and Pearson χ2 tests as part of the studys methodology II Among the conclusions it can be noticed that the medicine package inserts are read by the larger portion of the population III In the tittle os the text Medicine package inserts from the users perspective are they read and understood the passive voice is used IV The results of the study point out among other things that difficulties in legibility and readability are indicated by some people who read the medicine package inserts It is correct what is stated on ALTERNATIVAS I only I and III only II and IV only II III and IV only I III III and IV 6ª QUESTÃO Read the text below INDICATION 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1016 ARISTADA INITIO aripiprazole lauroxil is a prescription medicine given as a onetime injection and is used in combination with oral aripiprazole to start ARISTADA aripiprazole lauroxil treatment or restart ARISTADA treatment after a missed dose when ARISTADA is used for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults ARISTADA is a prescription medicine given by injection by a healthcare professional and used to treat schizophrenia in adults It is not known if ARISTADA INITIO andor ARISTADA are safe and effective in children under 18 years of age Contraindication Do not receive ARISTADA INITIO or ARISTADA if you are allergic to aripiprazole or any of the ingredients in ARISTADA Allergic reactions to aripiprazole have ranged from rash hives and itching to anaphylaxis which may include difficulty breathing tightness in the chest and swelling of the mouth face lips or tongue ARISTADA INITIO andor ARISTADA may cause serious side effects including Cerebrovascular problems including stroke in elderly people with dementiarelated psychosis that can lead to death Neuroleptic malignant syndrome NMS a serious condition that can lead to death Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you have some or all of the following signs and symptoms of NMS high fever stiff muscles confusion sweating changes in pulse heart rate and blood pressure Uncontrolled body movements tardive dyskinesia ARISTADA INITIO and ARISTADA may cause movements that you cannot control in your face tongue or other body parts Tardive dyskinesia may not go away even if you stop receiving ARISTADA Tardive dyskinesia may also start after you stop receiving ARISTADA Falls ARISTADA INITIO and ARISTADA may make you sleepy or dizzy when standing which may make you at risk for falls and related injuries Low white blood cell count Seizures convulsions Problems controlling your body temperature Avoid becoming too hot or dehydrated Do not exercise too much In hot weather stay inside in a cool place if possible Stay out of the sun Do not wear too much clothing or heavy clothing Drink plenty of water Difficulty swallowing The most common side effects of ARISTADA INITIO and ARISTADA include restlessness or feeling like you need to move akathisia These are not all the possible side effects of ARISTADA INITIO and ARISTADA You should tell your healthcare provider about any sideeffects you have Do not drive operate hazardous machinery or do other dangerous activities until you know how ARISTADA INITIO and ARISTADA affect you ARISTADA INITIO and ARISTADA may affect your judgment thinking or motor skills Before receiving ARISTADA INITIO and ARISTADA tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions including if you have not taken Abilify Abilify Maintena or any aripiprazole product before have or had heart problems or a stroke have diabetes or high blood sugar or a family history of diabetes or high blood sugar Your healthcare provider should check your blood sugar before you receive ARISTADA INITIO andor ARISTADA and during your treatment with ARISTADA have or had low or high blood pressure 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1116 have or had seizures convulsions have or had a low white blood cell count have problems that may affect you receiving an injection in your buttocks or your arm are pregnant or plan to become pregnant are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed ARISTADA INITIO andor ARISTADA can pass into your breast milk It is not known if it may harm your baby Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby if you receive ARISTADA INITIO andor ARISTADA If you have any questions about your health or medicines talk to your healthcare provider You are encouraged to report all side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA Visit wwwfdagovmedwatch or call 1800FDA1088 Disponível em httpswwwaristadacom Acesso em 01 de julho de 2022 Adaptado Taking the text into account choose the correct alternative ALTERNATIVAS ARISTADA INITIO is a medicine that the patient takes orally ARISTADA INITIO is a safe medicine for people under 18 years of age Tardive dyskinesia is a sideeffect that ARISTADA can cause it may continue even if the patient stops getting the medicine Patients taking ARISTADA INITIO andor ARISTADA might present difficult swollowing because of that they should not drink a lot of water Signs and symptoms like high fever stiff muscles confusion and sweating are expected for patients taking ARISTADA INITIO Those symptoms are only worrying if they last for more than 2 hours 7ª QUESTÃO 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1216 A Warning to Northerners Vacationing in Southern States Krista Bennett Things are different down south You have to be aware and alert A friend of mine recently moved from Wisconsin to Tennessee She has been sharing lovely photos of her family the beautiful mountains and the new place they live A few days ago she shared a photo of her daughter wading into a shallow watering hole that sent a wave of panic through me I messaged her immediately I grew up as far north as you can get in Ohio right on Lake Erie Every summer my family would travel down to Tuscaloosa Alabama to visit my grandparents for a week It was sweltering and swimming in my uncles pond was a daily activity My uncle warned us to always throw some rocks into a pond or swimming hole before jumping in and this is why When my cousin was in high school on their senior skip day he and a group of his friends went to the rock quarry where they always hung out in the summer and swam Spring fever was in the air and they were excited to be skipping school ready to have a fun day swimming drinking and laying in the sun Cars started arriving and people started unloading their blankets chairs and coolers While everyone was setting up one of the crazy guys took off running towards the edge of the quarry where they had been jumping for years yelling cannonball and leaped out into the quarry landing into the water with a loud splash below Then they heard the screams He came up long enough to scream Dont jump Dont jump and the quarry went silent When his body was pulled from the water he had snake bites all over his body The quarry had become a breeding ground for venomous snakes that spring and he jumped right in the middle of it Due to the colder and freezing temperatures during half the year in the north northerners typically dont have to worry about venomous snakes so these dangers are not on their radar when they travel to warmer climates Before you travel to an area look up that areas venomous snakes spiders and bugs so you can keep yourself and your family safe And never just jump into a pond or water hole without first throwing some rocks into the water first watching for movement under the surface Disponível em httpskbennett0466mediumcomawarningtonorthernersvacationinginthesouthern statesece4c2fcca68 Acesso em 01 de julho de 2022 Adaptado Taking the text into account analyze the following statements and the relationship between them I The author warns the readers to be careful when they go into watering wholes BECAUSE II Some watering wholes are unexpectedly deep and one can drown in them Considering the statements choose the correct option ALTERNATIVAS Statements I and II are true propositions and II is a correct justification for I Statements I and II are true propositions but II is not a correct justification for I Statement I is a true proposition and II is a false proposition Statement I is a false proposition and II is a true proposition Statements I and II are false propositions 8ª QUESTÃO 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1316 Uma das características de textos oriundos do discurso científico é o uso de uma linguagem que valorize de certa forma mais os feitos científicos do que os seus autores Um dos mecanismos linguísticos que permitem essa valorização dos atos em detrimento dos atores é a utilização da voz passiva passive voice conforme podemos verificar no resumo de um artigo científico Abstract abaixo Translanguaging Pedagogies and English as a Lingua Franca Multilingualism is widespread in the world today and English is in many cases one of the languages in the multilingual speakers repertoire English as a lingua franca ELF is used by multilingual speakers who can also communicate in other languages and use their multilingual and multicultural resources in creative ways This paper aims at exploring the relationship between recent trends in multilingualism particularly the proposal Focus on Multilingualism and ELF After a brief presentation of multilingualism as related to globalization and superdiversity there will be an examination of the new trends that bring together the study of multilingualism in education and ELF Then similarities and differences between the two are discussed as related to the emerging paradigm that takes into consideration a new vision of language speakers and repertoires and has translanguaging as a key concept Translanguaging pedagogies based on the multilingual learners repertoire are also discussed The last section looks at achievements and challenges presented by the synergies that have been created and reinforced Descriptors Multilingualism English Second Language Official Languages Educational Trends Trend Analysis Bilingual Students Second Language Instruction Second Language Learning Social Environment JASONE Cenoz Language Teaching v 52 n 1 p7185 jan 2019 Disponível em httpsericedgov qenglishasalinguafrancaidEJ1201614 Acesso em 2 jul 2020 adaptado Considerando as informações contidas no texto analise as afirmações a seguir I No trecho Translanguaging pedagogies based on the multilingual learners repertoire are also discussed não há sujeito uma vez que a construção está na voz passiva II No trabalho que é precedido pelo resumo há provavelmente uma seção em que são apresentadas semelhanças e diferenças entre o multilinguismo na educação e o inglês como língua franca III No trecho The last section looks at achievements and challenges presented by the synergies that have been created and reinforced apresentase o assunto do qual a última seção do artigo precedido pelo resumo trata IV No trecho English as a lingua franca ELF is used by multilingual speakers who can also communicate in other languages and use their multilingual and multicultural resources in creative ways indica a intenção da autora do artigo em usar no decorrer do texto a língua inglesa como uma língua franca É correto o que se afirma em ALTERNATIVAS I apenas I e III apenas II e III apenas I III e IV apenas I II III e IV 9ª QUESTÃO Nas aulas de inglês em geral há um esforço por parte dos professores em preparar e desenvolver aulas que considerem a necessidade de o aluno praticar a língua Muitas vezes para que tal prática ocorra os alunos precisam se expor falando realizando tarefas em equipe apresentando alguma atividade para o professor e para a turma toda dentre outas Se por um lado tais exercícios são importantes e desejáveis para o processo de ensinoaprendizagem é necessário considerar o 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1416 fato de que nem todos os alunos se sentem à vontade para executálos Um exemplo disso são os alunos tímidos O texto a seguir apresenta algumas orientações para o professor lidar com tal público Do You Shy Away From Shy Students It goes without saying that teachers of teenagers often worry about how fun and dynamic classes must be so as to keep students engaged and motivated So pervasive is this concern among professionals who teach youngsters that we sometimes tend to disregard the importance of taking into account the quieter and shyer students in our classes Before suggesting how teachers can deal with shy students in the classroom we would like to talk a little bit about shyness Heitz D 2019 explains that shyness is a feeling of fear and discomfort caused by other people especially in new situations or among strangers Its an unpleasant feeling of selfconsciousness a fear of what some people believe others are thinking This feeling can inhibit a persons ability to do or say what they want Having this scenario in mind can you imagine how difficult it is for a shy person to face a language lesson Language students are after all invited to communicate participate and speak most of the time during a lesson At least this is what teachers usually expect if they follow a communicative approach The fact of the matter is to what extent teachers of teenagers are willing to adapt activities in a way that embraces the shy students These students dont want a boring lesson but they dont want to be on the spotlight either They might dread what type of interaction they will be exposed to moving their bodies singing and role playing are likely to threaten their wellbeing thus their readiness to attend our classes What we see as a fun activity might be perceived as something that crosses their boundaries We teachers have to be careful whenever we ask them to perform a task in front of the others One of the main things teenagers avoid at all costs is getting embarrassed The best thing to do then is to find a common ground in which activities contemplate all students in the group One way to prevent discomfort from happening is to make sure we are providing students with time to prepare their answers before speaking Another must is to monitor their production carefully to help them correct any mistakes by doing so theyll feel more confident while being asked to participate When the moment of feedback with the whole group comes these students will feel better able to express their ideas Truth be told there isnt a magic formula when it comes to dealing with shy students Being able to recognize they deserve special attention and that our planning cant exclude them from activities is a start Also keeping an open space for them to talk to us about their struggles means weve been building rapport effectively Disponível em httpswwwrichmondsharecombrdoyoushyawayfromshystudents Acesso em 13 de out 2019 Adaptado De acordo com o texto avalie as afirmações a seguir como V para verdadeiras ou F para falsas I De acordo com Heitz apesar de a timidez afetar a maneira como acreditamos que os outros pensam sobre nós ela não pode afetar nossa habilidade de dizer o que queremos II Quando não sabemos exatamente como lidar com alunos tímidos podemos começar a aprender por meio da dedicação de uma atenção especial para eles já que eles ficarão excluídos das atividades planejadas III Algumas das atividades recomendadas para alunos tímidos são mover o corpo cantar e fazer encenações Tais atividades estão menos propensas a ameaçar o bemestar do aluno bem como sua vontade de participar das aulas IV Há uma espécie de consenso que em geral quando ensinam estudantes adolescentes os professores preocupamse em tornar as aulas divertidas e dinâmicas para que os alunos se mantenham motivados e engajados 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1516 As afirmações I II III e IV são respectivamente ALTERNATIVAS VFFF VVVF VVFF FFFV FVFF 10ª QUESTÃO 29082022 1445 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1616 The two charts below show some information about two countries Angola and Brazil Population Angola Brazil Population 33934000 213993000 Inhabitantskm² 272 251 Life expectancy males Ø 59 years Ø 72 years Life expectancy femalesØ 64 years Ø 80 years Average age Ø 159 yearsØ 332 years Birthrate 3979 1346 Deathrate 780 661 Economy Angola Brazil Unemployment rate 85 144 Inflation rate 1708 830 Cost of Living USA 100 2297 4692 Commercial taxes and contributions4910 6510 Average income 1770 US 7720 US Corruption index 71 very bad62 bad Fonte httpswwwworlddatainfocountrycomparisonphpcountry1AGOcountry2BRA Acecsso em 1 de julho de 2022 Adaptado Taking the information from the charts into account consider the following statements I Corruption in worse in Brazil than in Angola II In average men live longer in Brazil than in than in Angola III In average women in Brazil live shorter than men in Angola IV In average it is more expensive to live in Brazil than in Angola It is correct what is stated on ALTERNATIVAS I only I and II only II and IV only II III and IV only I III III and IV 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 117 ATIVIDADE 2 LET LÍNGUA INGLESA II 532022 Período29082022 0800 a 16092022 2359 Horário de Brasília StatusABERTO Nota máxima050 GabaritoGabarito será liberado no dia 17092022 0000 Horário de Brasília Nota obtida 1ª QUESTÃO How to Lose a Pound a Day Anna Murphy Mar 4 Wouldnt it be wonderful to know with absolute certainty how to lose a pound a day Boy that could help out a lot especially after celebrations and special holidays after youve enjoyed weeks of overindulgence On the other hand lets say you have quite a few pounds to lose It would probably make you feel a lot better if you knew you could lose a pound a day The problem is how in the world do you lose a pound a day I mean is it even possible The short answer to that question is sure it is but youd have to go through some extreme and sometimes unrealistic means If you want know how to lose a pound a day you have to be ready to take some serious action Yes that means changing your diet drastically in most cases You need to embrace calorie reduction and clean eating which consists of eating healthy non processed foods Fresh vegetables and lean proteins are a plus Additionally you should decrease the amount of calories you consume each day Check with your doctor to see what is determined a safe number of calories to consume daily for your particular weight Of course if you want to know how to lose a pound a day you know youve got to include some serious exercise While changing your diet is essential to you dropping the pounds if you really want to turn the weight lose accelerator on you need to include some form of aerobic exercise at least five to six days a week If youre a weight loss newbie start off with twenty minutes of cardio each day and as you get more comfortable add more minutes until you ultimately reach sixty minutes Hey no one said losing a pound a day was easy but it is possible Thank you and best of luck Disponível em httpsmediumcommurphyanna733howtoloseapoundaday63c4c132bcfa Acesso em 01 de julho de 2022 Adaptado De acordo com as informações contidas no texto é correto afirmar que a condicional would no texto é usada para ALTERNATIVAS 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 217 fazer um convite às pessoas a manterem uma dieta equilibrada e atividades físicas constantes dar instruções sobre o que as pessoas devem fazer para perder uma libra cerca de 0450 kg por dia solicitar pedir às pessoas para que elas cuidem de sua saúde e percam peso caso a obesidade esteja lhes causando problemas de saúde indicar uma incerteza situação imaginária hipótese eou probabilidade relacionada à ideia de perder peso a sensação que perder peso poderia trazer e aos meios para que isso aconteça indicar obrigações que as pessoas que desejam perder peso devem ter por exemplo reduzir a ingestão de calorias reduzir o consumo de alimentos processados aumentar o consumo de alimentos saudáveis e fazer atividades aeróbicas de cinco a seis vezes por semana 2ª QUESTÃO Leia o trecho da entrevista a seguir acerca do trabalho da linguista Sabine Harnau originalmente publicada do site Superlinguo 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 317 Linguistics jobs Interview with a Communications Consultant Its the final linguistics job interview for the year And were finishing on a high note with Sabine Harnau Sabine set up From Scratch a communications consulting firm grounded in linguistic research Being the boss of your own organisation has its perks not least of all what Sabine puts on her business cards You can follow From Scratch on twitter scratchposts or check out the website fromscratchnet for more examples of Sabines work What did you study at university I studied in Germany where higher education is mostly free This was when Germany still had its own degree structure before the introduction of the BachelorMaster system So I always struggle to translate my state exam degree When you compare the required credits exams and thesis papers its equivalent to an MA perhaps with a bit more breadth rather than depth At the time I was planning to teach English and German at grammar school level so my degree covered anglophone and Germanspeaking literatures cultural studies and linguistics from the premedieval times to the present day In tune with the German school curriculum I focused my linguistics courses on syntax orthography translation sociolinguistics and second language acquisition And of course educational studies to help me share that knowledge with young people aged 1019 Thats a lot of ground to cover and so I spent 7 years at university and another 2 at teachers college using all my available free time to teach at school Luckily a state programme allowed me to take on longterm substitute teaching roles with full responsibility and pay prorata so I was able to gain loads of teaching experience before I had even left university What is your job I run a communications consultancy called From Scratch As the founder I got to choose my own job title and I got to indulge my love of puns So according to my business card Im a Head Scratcher Which is true and leads to much more interesting conversations than managing directorDaytoday I work with companies that want to improve the way they speak and write to their customers A lot of this work involves multilingual copywriting training teams and consulting on communications strategy We work mainly with companies that stand for strong ethical values and our clients are often creative businesses transforming their industry or enabling customers to make things from scratch This means their customers are likely to have special support requirements some might question the ethics of a business decision others may be stuck on a craft project Theres more at stake in those conversations than in your typical account management or shipping query so one focus of our work is building trust and conveying warmth and competence via the right language How does your linguistics training help you in your job Saying this will make me feel like a rapper dissing her peers but having worked in customer communications for years Ive seen a lot of unfounded platitudes being passed off as great revelations I just dont think that anyones business will really take off because they hear that customer service is an attitude not a department On the other hand theres loads of linguistic research that isnt easily available to businesses When I started From Scratch I did so with the aim of connecting linguistics educational theory and business My degree helps me make research findings accessible to nonlinguists For example interactional sociolinguistics can teach us a lot about why certain customer service phone calls dont go well And Im able to do a lot of proofreading with confidence because I studied orthography and punctuation in a way that a nonlinguist probably hasnt Do you gave any advice do you wish someone had given to you about linguisticscareersuniversity Dont study any topic just because you think it might come in handy in your future job That future job may not even exist yet and youll probably change your mind about it a couple of times anyway Study what interests you Career profiles are more flexible than we expect and your enthusiasm will make you successful Disponível em httpswwwsuperlinguocompost167915790238linguisticsjobsinterviewwitha Acesso em 01 de julho de 2022 Adaptado 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 417 Considerando as informações contidas no texto avalie as assertivas como V para verdadeiras e F como falsas I Na resposta à pergunta What is your job a entrevistada diz que ela mesma escolheu o nome de seu cargo no caso Head Scratcher fazendo um trocadilho em referência ao nome de sua empresa II Ao responder a pergunta What did you study at university a entrevistada afirma que sua graduação dentre outras matérias incluiu estudos culturais e linguísticos desde os tempos medievais até os dias de hoje III Quando perguntada sobre conselhos que ela gostaria de ter recebido acerca da linguística da carreira ou da universidade a entrevistada diz que gostaria de ter ouvido para estudar apenas os tópicos que fossem úteis para uma posição profissional futura As assertivas I II e III são respectivamente ALTERNATIVAS V V V V V F F V V F F V F V F 3ª QUESTÃO Em língua inglesa considerando circunstâncias específicas tanto o tempo verbal Present Perfect quanto o tempo verbal Past Simple podem ser utilizados para fazermos referência a ações e fatos já concluídos O texto a seguir é uma notícia cujo assunto principal é a aposentadoria de Fernando Alonso famoso corredor espanhol de Fórmula 1 Ali podemos notar o uso do Present Perfect e do Past Simple para fazer referência a acontecimentos passados 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 517 FERNANDO ALONSO MCLARENS SPANISH DRIVER TO RETIRE FROM FORMULA 1 AT END OF SEASON Spanish twotime world champion Fernando Alonso has announced he is to retire from Formula 1 at the end of the season The McLaren driver will end a career that began with a debut for Minardi at the Australian Grand Prix of 2001 Alonso 37 who is competing in his 17th F1 season won the 2005 and 2006 championships when racing for Renault After 17 wonderful years in this amazing sport its time for me to make a change and move on he said I made this decision some months ago and it was a firm one There are still several grands prix to go this season and I will take part in them with more commitment and passion than ever he added Lets see what the future brings new exciting challenges are around the corner Im having one of the happiest times ever in my life but I need to go on exploring new adventures Alonso has in recent years branched out into other series and in June he won the Le Mans 24 Hours sportscar race at his first attempt He joined Toyotas World Endurance Championship WEC programme this season with the aim of winning Le Mans and has dovetailed it with F1 That victory provided him with the second part of motorsports triple crown Twice a Monaco Grand Prix winner he is only missing Indianapolis 500 success He competed in the Indy 500 for the only time to date in May 2017 retiring towards the end of the race with engine failure having run strongly throughout and led for a total of 27 laps Only Englishman Graham Hill has won all three classic races in the history of motorsport Alonso ended Michael Schumachers fiveyear dominance of the drivers championship when he won the first of his titles in 2005 At the time he became the youngster ever driver to win the title He has also finished championship runnerup three times and to date has achieved 32 wins 22 pole positions and 97 podium finishes In his statement confirming he would retire at the end of this season he suggested there may be a chance of him one day returning I want to thank everyone at McLaren he said My heart is with the team forever I know they will come back stronger and better in the future and it could be the right moment for me to be back in the series that would make me really happy Considerando as ideias acima avalie as assertivas seguintes I No texto há uma fala de Alonso em que ele afirma que jamais esteve tão feliz em toda sua vida Esse trecho contém o verbo have como verbo principal conjugado no Present Perfect O uso desse tempo verbal justificase pelo uso da expressão ever no referido excerto Disponível em httpswwwbbccomsportformula145188028 Acesso em 14 ago 2018 Adaptado 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 617 II No texto o verbo announce é utilizado para informar que Alonso anunciou que se aposentará da Fórmula 1 no final da temporada Esse verbo está conjugado no Present Perfect pois no trecho não há indicação de um momento específico no passado em que o corredor fez o anúncio III No trecho do texto em que há a fala de Alonso informando quando ele tomou a decisão de se aposentar o verbo make aparece conjugado no Past Simple Isso pode ser justificado pelo fato de haver uma indicação de tempo específico no passado de quando a tomada da decisão ocorreu IV No trecho do texto em que há referência à experiência de Alonso na corrida Indy 500 o verbo compete está conjugado no Past Simple Porém de acordo com a gramática normativa da língua inglesa o tempo verbal adequado a ser utilizado ali seria o Present Perfect dado o uso da expressão to date no trecho É correto o que se afirma em ALTERNATIVAS I e II apenas II e III apenas II e IV apenas II III e IV apenas I II III e IV 4ª QUESTÃO 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 717 Gentleminions rejoice The only movie Quentin Tarantinos kid has seen is Despicable Me 2 By Matt Schimkowitz Our gentlest minions we have some very exciting news for you The acclaimed filmmaker and movielover known for popularizing extremely niche genres actors directors and tired jokes about feet Quentin Tarantino has begun passing on the finest of cinematic delights to the next generation According to a recent interview with Empire Tarantinos twoyearold son has seen one movie Was it Sister Street Fighter How about Tony Scotts Renegade The Great Waldo Pepper Nope No Sorry The kid has only seen Despicable Me 2 So the only question now is does he need to see another movie Mysonis pretty young so hes only really seen one movie Tarantino told Empire I thought I was hitting a Minions cartoon and I realize its Despicable Me 2 And he seemed to be interested in the opening credits so I go Okay I guess were watching Despicable Me 2 He gets up and he walks behind the couch but hes still watching the TV We watched it for 20 minutes until it was time for him to go to the park and then the next day we watched another 15 minutes of it And so in the course of a week in small bites the first movie Leo ever watched was Despicable Me 2 The revelation of a child enjoying the Minions puts to rest years of criticism that the Minions are only for teenage boys in suits and moms on Facebook So Gentleminions of the world we implore you Take young Leo Tarantino under your HM blazers and train him in the ways of Gruat least until we get a screening of Despicable Me 3 at the New Beverly Now we know this isnt news that most care about It might not even be worth the publication of this article Nevertheless millions of people paid hardearned money last weekend to make Minions The Rise Of Gru a cultural inflection point The scene was chaos as innocent teens hoping to bring some style and finesse to the movies by emulating their prophet Nicole Kidman were shut out in the cold for wearing ties to the cineplex It seems as though some theater owners might be tired of Stuart Kevin and Bob saying bana na Well Tarantinos kid isnt so back off Disponível em httpswwwavclubcomquentintarantinossonhasonlyseendespicableme2 1849149827 Acesso em 7 de julho de 2022 Com base nas informações apresentadas no texto avalie as asserções a seguir e a relação proposta entre elas I O trecho The kid has only seen Despicable Me 2 apresenta o uso do tempo verbal Present Perfect PORQUE II Nesse trecho o autor tem o intuito de indicar o fato de o filho de Quentin Tarantino ter assistido ao filme Despicable Me 2 repetidas vezes sem parar antes dos passeios ao parque A respeito dessas asserções assinale a opção correta ALTERNATIVAS 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 817 As asserções I e II são verdadeiras e a II é uma justificativa correta da I As asserções I e II são verdadeiras mas a II não é uma justificativa correta da I A asserção I é uma proposição verdadeira e a II é uma proposição falsa A asserção I é uma proposição falsa e a II é uma proposição verdadeira As asserções I e II são falsas 5ª QUESTÃO 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 917 I Drank Alcohol After 82 Days of Sobriety Manab J Kalita Whats different since my last attempt I was on my 83rd day of quitting alcohol on the 24th of March It was a pretty decent day to begin with but by evening I felt like everything spiraled out of control I am an ambivert so on most days Im happy with my job as a content writer But on other days I miss my short stint as a photographer when I went out with a few likeminded souls on photography retreats It was such a day on the 24th I was drained of any energy by evening so I went out to complete an article for a client I went to a café near my home and worked on finishing the article in the café itself I returned home at around 6 in the evening but by that time I was wanting a drink I thought I would make an exception and drink just a couple of beers rather than my regular drink of whiskey I spent the next three days drinking each evening I even attended a party with a few guys I am the most comfortable around They in fact celebrated that I was back to having fun So much for the support and genuine friendship It is March 28 2022 and I already have another day of sobriety under my belt What This Break From Alcohol Changed in My Thought Process As mentioned in my previous posts I have been trying to quit alcohol for the past couple of years And each time I am getting so much insight from the process It was only last year when such a hiatus would have led me down the rabbit hole But not this time this time I was mindful of my behavior in these three days and I wanted out as soon as I had that first drink on the 24th I know that contradicts my own words having drunk for 3 days But its a process on its own And I am still learning Whats Next for Me I now have a plan and a goal in mind I will do the next 100 days and then rethink and reassess my position I will write down all the positives negatives and all things in between about my days sober as well as drunk if any at all I will take it from there I was scared last year when I first decided to stop drinking but this time that fear has receded I am not scared of who I will be in the future as I already got a glimpse of that person Disponível em httpsmanabjmediumcomidrankalcoholafter82daysofsobriety4b840ebefd73 Acesso em 01 de julho de 2022 Adaptado Considerando as informações contidas no texto analise as afirmações a seguir I O autor do texto afirma que começou a tentar deixar de consumir álcool 83 dias atrás II O autor afirma que quando decidiu parar de consumir álcool no ano anterior ele sentiu medo III O intuito do autor ao escrever o texto é apresentar seu lamento com relação a não ter sido capaz de deixar de consumir bebidas alcoólicas de forma alguma IV Como plano futuro o autor do texto expressa que durante os 100 dias seguintes anotará os pontos positivos e negativos de suas vivências enquanto estiver sóbrio e também nos dias em que consumir álcool de forma que possa repensar e reavaliar sua posição É correto o que se afirma em ALTERNATIVAS 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1017 I apenas I e III apenas II e IV apenas I III e IV apenas I II III e IV 6ª QUESTÃO A Internet nos permite atualmente o acesso a notícias de diferentes partes do mundo grande parte delas escritas em língua inglesa Tal é o caso da notícia transcrita abaixo originalmente publicada no site no jornal queniano Daily Nation em 23 de julho de 2020 Covid19 Tension in Madagascar after minister requests international help Cracks are appearing in Madagascars government after its health minister requested international help to cope with a surge in Covid19 cases despite an official campaign to promote a touted fix for the virus The government has been distributing a herbal drink that President Andry Rajoelina has proclaimed as a cure for coronavirus and protection against it despite warnings the brew has not been clinically tested Hospital officials in the capital Antananarivo have said they are running out of beds as infections have surged in recent days The government would like to express its dismay at the discovery of a letter signed by the minister of public health urgently requesting support in the fight against the Covid19 epidemic government spokeswoman Lalatiana Rakotozafy said in a statement dated Tuesday In a letter addressed Monday to donors Health Minister Ahmad Ahmad made an urgent appeal to development agencies Over the past weeks the Covid19 epidemic has evolved in a very critical way in Madagascar with notable flareups in certain regions particularly in Antananarivo it said The health ministry itemised what it called its most urgent needs oxygen bottles 337 ventilators 23 million face masks 697000 pairs of gloves and 533200 medical blouses The ministrys appeal is a personal initiative taken without consulting either the government or Rajoelina the government statement said It is clear that many crucial points in the management of this health crisis have escaped the vigilance of the minister of public health it said To date Madagascar a poor Indian Ocean islandnation has recorded 8162 coronavirus cases including 69 deaths President Rajoelina has been promoting an infusion derived from artemisia a plant with proven anti malarial properties as a homegrown cure for Covid19 The drink which has been called CovidOrganics has been distributed not only in Madagascar but also in several other countries mainly in Africa The UNs World Health Organization WHO has cautioned that there have been no published scientific studies to validate claims for the drink and mainstream scientists have pointed out the potential risks from untested concoctions POVERTY 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1117 Most of Madagascars 26 million inhabitants live in grinding poverty with limited access to healthcare and regularly take herbal teas for a variety of common ailments The government has blamed the recent jump in cases on increased testing capacity Positive Covid19 cases did not take CovidOrganics or only took it sporadically without following the prescribed dosage said official documents sent to AFP on Tuesday On June 4 Education Minister Rijasoa Andriamanana was sacked after announcing a plan to spend 22 million 19 million euros on sweets and lollipops for children to ease the bitter taste of the drink The expense sparked outrage fanned by the Malagasy press and the order was cancelled Disponível em httpswwwtheeastafricancoketearestofafricacovid19tensionmadagascarminister internationalhelp1904972 Acesso em 23 jul 2020 adaptado Considerando o texto avalie as asserções a seguir e a relação proposta entre elas I O autor do texto utiliza o tempo verbal Present Perfect Continuous em The government has been distributing a herbal drink e em President Rajoelina has been promoting an infusion derived from artemisia PORQUE II No momento da publicação da notícia faziase necessário evidenciar que o governo já havia interrompido a distribuição e promoção de infusões que supostamente seriam capazes de prevenir a Covid19 bem como curar os pacientes já acometidos por ela A respeito dessas asserções assinale a opção correta ALTERNATIVAS As asserções I e II são proposições verdadeiras e a II é uma justificativa correta da I As asserções I e II são proposições verdadeiras mas a II não é uma justificativa correta da I A asserção I é uma proposição verdadeira e a II é uma proposição falsa A asserção I é uma proposição falsa e a II é uma proposição verdadeira As asserções I e II são proposições falsas 7ª QUESTÃO O texto a seguir aborda o aumento da diabetes tipo 2 entre crianças e jovens Um dos motivos para esse aumento é o grande número de crianças acima do peso fato que por sua vez está associado ao modo de produção e comercialização de alimentos industrializados Em termos linguísticos no texto é recorrente o uso de adverbs advérbios Sendo assim faça a leitura prestando especial atenção ao uso deles Cases of type 2 diabetes among young people rise 41 in three years Leap brings calls for ministers to act to prevent so many children getting grossly obese Growing numbers of children and young people are developing type 2 diabetes a disease usually seen in those aged over 40 in the latest sign of worsening childhood obesity The number of people aged up to 25 with the condition in England and Wales increased from 507 in 2013 14 to 715 in 201617 a 41 rise The sharp rise has prompted concern among doctors and led to renewed calls for tougher government action to tackle the relentless increase in the number of dangerously overweight youngsters 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1217 Type 2 diabetes is a disaster for the child and their family and for the NHS said Graham MacGregor a professor of cardiovascular health at Queen Mary University of London who is also the chair of the campaign group Action on Sugar If a child gets type 2 diabetes its condemning them to a lot of complications of that condition such as blindness amputations and kidney disease he said These figures are a sign that we are in a crisis and that the government doesnt seem to be taking action or not enough and not quickly enough The figures have been collected by pediatric diabetes units at hospitals across England and Wales and collated by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health RCPCH Type 2 diabetes typically develops in adults over the age of 40 so while still rare in children it is extremely worrying that we are seeing more young people develop the condition said Izzi Seccombe the chair of the community wellbeing board at the Local Government Association LGA which obtained the figures from the RCPCH Type 2 diabetes is closely associated with being very overweight Almost four in five 79 of the 715 children suffering from it were also obese the NHS data revealed The figures show that people from some ethnic minorities are much more likely than others to develop type 2 diabetes Almost half of the 715 young people were black or Asian Much more needs to be done to reach out to black and ethnic minority groups over the disease said the LGA which represents 370 councils across England and Wales The figures come soon after it emerged that 22000 children aged 10 and 11 in England are severely obese because their body mass index BMI is at least 40 For adults a BMI of 185 to 249 means someone has a healthy weight 25 to 299 denotes they are overweight 30 to 399 means someone is obese and 40 or above signifies severe obesity The rise in type 2 diabetes in young children highlights why bold measures are needed to tackle childhood obesity and change wont happen overnight said Eustace de Sousa of Public Health England PHE It has asked food manufacturers to cut the amount of sugar in their products by 20 by 2020 However firms have reduced the sugar content by just 2 in the first year of the initiative well below the 5 target PHE set It is also helping to plan a series of healthy towns and is running healthy eating campaigns Ministers recently announced measures intended to halve childhood obesity by 2030 including Demanding calorie labelling on menus in cafes takeaways and restaurants Banning the sale of caffeinefilled energy drinks to under16s Stopping supermarkets displaying treat foods near checkouts or including them in moneyoff offers But much firmer action is needed said MacGregor Appeals to people to eat more healthily wont be enough We need to ban the marketing and advertising of unhealthy foods altogether not just limit it as ministers are considering We should also extend the sugary drinks tax to confectionery and set a target of reducing the sugar in products by 50 far more than the 20 PHE is proposing he added Seccombe a Conservative member of Warwickshire county council criticised government cuts to councils public health budgets as shortsighted given the scale of the obesity epidemic 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1317 A spokesperson for the Department of Health and Social Care said We know the damage obesity causes and are determined to halve childhood obesity by 2030 Weve invested billions in public health services and have already removed the equivalent of 45m kilograms of sugar from soft drinks every year Our new childhood obesity plan will now get children exercising more in schools and reduce their exposure to sugary and fatty foods Avalie as assertivas a seguir e assinale a alternativa correta I No trecho These figures are a sign that we are in a crisis and that the government doesnt seem to be taking action or not enough and not quickly enough há um advérbio de modo que indica velocidade II Em Type 2 diabetes is closely associated with being very overweight há um advérbio de modo Aqui se afirma que a diabetes tipo dois é aproximadamente duas vezes mais comum em pessoas que estão acima do peso III Na construção Growing numbers of children and young people are developing type 2 diabetes a disease usually seen in those aged over 40 é utilizado um advérbio de frequência afirmase aqui que números crescentes de crianças e jovens estão desenvolvendo diabetes tipo 2 uma doença usualmente vista em pessoas acima de 40 anos IV No excerto The sharp rise has prompted concern among doctors and led to renewed calls for tougher government action to tackle the relentless increase in the number of dangerously overweight youngsters há um advérbio de modo que é derivado de um adjetivo Esse adjetivo por sua vez pode ser traduzido como perigoso É correto o que se afirma em ALTERNATIVAS I e II apenas I II e III apenas I III e IV apenas II III e IV apenas I II III e IV 8ª QUESTÃO O texto a seguir é uma notícia na qual se reporta um acidente na subestação de energia em Odessa nos Estados Unidos Disponível em httpswwwtheguardiancomsociety2018aug18casesoftype2diabetesamong youngpeoplerise41inthreeyears Acesso em 17 jul 2018 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1417 Odessa spends Wednesday without electricity after animals enter the substation LAFAYETTE COUNTY Mo KCTV Angela Brodeurs kids were swimming in the pool around 1am when they noticed huge flashes of lightning near the Odessa water tower My youngest brother ran into the house and said there was something going on in town like the town was blown up that it just lit up He didnt know what was going on he was completely panicking Brodeur said By the time Angela got out the city of Odessa was pitch black Officials from Evergy said the outage began affecting Odessa around 1 am Wednesday They said an animal entered a cityowned substation and came into contact with the equipment damaging the citys equipment and Evergys equipment A nearby substation recognized the problem and isolated it from the grid Before it was isolated however about a mile of Evergy transmission caught fire The crew members have been actively working on the line all day Luckily Angela didnt lose power because she was out of town She said she hoped it would return soon and that she would never forget that moment When he showed me the video that he and my other son had shot it just reminded me of the movie Independence Day when the alien ship swooped in and brought down the Empire State Building Its like the whole town is lit up said Brodeur The city has issued updates throughout the day saying crews are working extremely hard in the heat to get power back and that it hopes to have power restored later this evening Around 730 pm the city also said it would have to put down at a later date for permanent repairs However that will be announced at that time Around 9 pm the city said We are slowly getting the system up and running Some areas will be restored to power It will take some time Finally at 927 pm the city said All circuits have been restored to power Please call us at 8166335521 if you are without power Disponível em httpsnews5hcomodessaspendswednesdaywithoutelectricityafteranimalsenter thesubstation Acesso em 7 de julho de 2022 Adaptado Considerando as informações contidas no texto analise as afirmações a seguir I Os filhos de Angela Brodeur viram grandes raios de luz enquanto nadavam na piscina por volta da 1h da manhã II Em seu relato Brodeur compara as imagens do acidente que ela viu em um vídeo com imagens de um filme III O irmão mais novo de Angela Brodeur estava em pânico ao contar a ela que o ocorrido na cidade parecia uma explosão IV De acordo com os oficiais da empresa Evergy o corte de energia ocorreu devido a um animal que adentrou uma subestação e causou danos a equipamentos É correto o que se afirma em ALTERNATIVAS 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1517 II apenas I e III apenas II e IV apenas I III e IV apenas I II III e IV 9ª QUESTÃO Durante a pandemia de Covid19 em 2020 muitas escolas ao redor do mundo acabaram fechadas para a promoção do isolamento social físico medida indicada pelas autoridades em saúde para evitar a propagação do coronavírus O texto abaixo é uma notícia originalmente publicada no site da agência de notícias BBC O texto trata do movimento de reabertura das escolas no País de Gales Coronavirus Schools in Wales to reopen on 29 June All schools in Wales will reopen on 29 June the Welsh Government have said They will be open to pupils from all year groups for limited periods during the week with only a third of pupils in school at any one time Education Minister Kirsty Williams confirmed Schools and councils will make their own decisions over managing the return Parents who choose not to send their children to school will not be fined and pupils who fall into the shielding category will carry on with online learning Some teaching unions have criticised the move in Wales with the biggest union saying its members will be told they do not have to return to school if they feel the risk is too great No educational purpose behind the decision David Evans from NEU Wales said the measures were too much too soon Another union the NASUWT said the government did not have good enough reasons for risking lives The Welsh Government is well aware of the extreme difficulty of social distancing in schools especially for younger children said National Official Neil Butler The minister has also admitted that this is for a check in and catch up so there is clearly no educational purpose behind this decision NAHT Cymru said that while the announced plan was the one its members preferred out of the options put forward by the Welsh Government the intention to get all children in is more problematic It added it would have preferred to have prioritised specific year groups Ms Williams said she was surprised by the unions criticism and it was not helpful to have inflammatory language I would do nothing and I have done nothing from this entire period when we closed schools for statutory purposes to do anything to risk anybodys lives she said What was Wales schools announcement Year groups will be split into smaller classes with staggered starts lessons and breaks It is expected this will mean at most a third of pupils present at any one time though schools may need time to reach this level Ms Williams said social distancing would be a challenge for the youngest children but we have experience 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1617 of dealing with this in the hubs that have been operating to date and good practice had been learnt I know many will feel apprehensive Ms Williams said the start date would mean one full month of the test trace and protect system being in place which tracks people who have been exposed to the virus and asks them to selfisolate Teachers will be a priority group for the new antibody testing programme which tells people if they have previously had the virus and have developed antibodies As we continue to keep Wales safe this approach will be critical she said This is and has been a worrying period for us all I know that many will feel apprehensive We have not rushed this work and this decision I am also convinced that it is only by returning to their own school that we will see increased attendance from our more vulnerable and disadvantaged children What has the reaction been Teachers are awaiting the finer detail and logistics of how they are to accommodate the children safely with social distancing in mind I dont think we can ever be reassured it is perfectly safe said Armando Di Finizio head of Eastern High School in Cardiff Itd be wrong not to have concerns but it is about mitigating any risks as far as we can but I think it is the right time to go back The profession think managing a safe return for pupils will be difficult in smaller primary schools where they dont have spare space so cant spread pupils out If we have different groups coming in were going to have to clean those rooms down completely in between each group said a Cardiff primary school teacher who would only give her first name Carol The children will also need their own set of stationary but we suddenly dont have the finances to buy 500 sets of stationary because they would normally share Its that kind of practical detail we need Plaid Cymru criticised the decision saying it was too early while the Welsh Conservatives broadly welcomed the move but said there were still questions to be answered such as whether assistance with school transport cleaning and school meals would be provided Disponível em httpswwwbbccomnewsukwales52895374 Acesso em 2 de jul 2020 adaptado Considerando o texto avalie as assertivas a seguir I De acordo com o texto a reabertura das escolas no País de Gales está prevista para o final do mês de junho daquele ano II A Ministra da Educação do País de Gales afirma saber que muitas pessoas se sentirão apreensivas com o retorno das aulas nas escolas III Entre a classe política há representantes que são favoráveis ao retorno das aulas nas escolas embora ainda haja alguns questionamentos sobre como serão realizados certos tipos de assistência como o transporte a limpeza e as refeições escolares IV O texto mostra que todos os sindicatos de ensino aprovam a decisão governamental acerca da retomada das aulas em junho uma vez que as medidas de proteção aos alunos professores e outros membros da comunidade escolar estão sendo respeitadas É correto apenas o que se afirma em 29082022 1444 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 1717 ALTERNATIVAS I e II apenas II e III apenas I III e IV apenas I II e III apenas I II III e IV 10ª QUESTÃO As estruturas das condicionais em Língua Inglesa reportam ideias de causa e consequência dada uma determinada condição há um determinado resultado As denominadas zero conditional e first conditional são entendidas como aquelas que dentre as quatro condicionais estariam mais relacionadas à possibilidade de efetiva realização O texto abaixo é parte de um post sobre relacionamentos veiculado pelo website Bustle e apresenta construções nas condicionais zero e primeira If your relationship is strong and brimming with love you may notice a few things your partner does without hesitation simply because they want to Apart from wanting to be a good partner it can also stem from their strong feelings If your partner responds quickly when you need help even if that just means stepping out of work to call you back you know youre a top priority to them If they do something wrong theyll want to tell you right away If your partner has your best interests at heart and really cares for you deeply then they wont hesitate to see things from your point of view If you are truly in love with someone you will never make them a second option Disponível em httpswwwbustlecompthebestnordstromanniversarysaledeals18217584 Acesso em 20 de jul de 2019 Adaptado Considerando o texto analise as afirmações a seguir I O trecho If you are truly in love with someone introduz uma construção de first conditional II O trecho If your partner responds quickly when you need help introduz uma construção de first conditional IIIO trecho If you are truly in love with someone you will never make them a second option está na primeira condicional IV O trecho If they do something wrong theyll want to tell you right away poderia ser assim traduzido Se eles fizessem algo errado eles iriam querer que você os avisasse rapidamente É correto o que se afirma em ALTERNATIVAS II apenas I e III apenas II e III apenas I III e IV apenas I II III e IV 29082022 1443 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 13 ATIVIDADE 1 LET LÍNGUA INGLESA II 532022 Período22082022 0800 a 09092022 2359 Horário de Brasília StatusABERTO Nota máxima100 GabaritoGabarito não está liberado Nota obtida 1ª QUESTÃO Quando aprendemos a Língua Inglesa como um idioma estrangeiro no Brasil a tendência é que aprendamos a variedade conhecida como standard porém como qualquer outro idioma a Língua Inglesa tem incontáveis variações Leia o texto abaixo que explica sobre algumas delas Different Types of Language Varieties By Phil Williams Sep 8 2020 Ive had a few blog comments lately addressing how English is used or taught differently and thought it would be a useful exercise to produce an article covering how we discuss varieties of a language Some of the most active articles I have are ones where people offer different opinions on certain rules inevitable as English has spread to so many different areas so its definitely an area of interest I hope to look into specific different types of English in more detail eventually but there are some great resources introducing language variations online already so for now Ive prepared a list of terms and examples with some links to where you can learn more Defining Language Variations There are a handful of ways linguists categorise varieties of language some definitions refer to word usage and rules or merely to vocabulary while others refer to the way language adapts culturally in broader strokes All of these terms however can cover variations in grammar vocabulary and pronunciation Below well look at the following variety terms Standard Polite Formal Colloquial Informal Regional Dialect Social Dialect Lingua Franca Pidgin Creole Vernacular Patois Lingo Jargon Slang Standard Polite Formal We use the terms standard polite and formal to refer to language that sticks to the rules and is essentially presented as the proper form of English In practice this is not necessarily practical English but rather the sort of English wed expect to see in formal writing or polite situations Standard English is what is generally taught where possible but alternative forms may be taught in communities with developed variations Colloquial Informal Colloquial language is effectively anything that is not formal often described as spoken language It is informal as the aim is to communicate rather than stick rigidly to rules so it is where we see contractions and idiomatic language being used There are countless varieties of this and it is a blanket term that really covers all of the other terms below 29082022 1443 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 23 Regional Dialect Regional dialects are varieties of language that emerge based on regionally specific use There are many examples within the UK alone from the broad differences between the English spoken in the North and South to the more specific localised dialects such as those spoken in certain cities some of which have their own names with Scouse from Liverpool Geordie in Newcastle and Brummie in Birmingham to name just a few Social Dialect Social dialects emerge like dialects but within a specific class or culture instead of a region though they can be further developed to fit certain regions This may also be referred to as a minority dialect highlighting the variation is not the predominant use A major example of this is African American Vernacular English Lingua Franca A lingua franca is a common language used between people who speak different languages As the full purpose is bridging gaps in communication this can be very adaptable and therefore will not necessarily stick to traditional language rules English is used as a lingua franca all over the world more commonly in fact than it is used by native speakers and in some cases may even be taught in a specific form to fit these needs rather than as standard English Pidgin A pidgin is a simplified version of a lingua franca where people trying to communicate across different languages develop their own form of communication Though this technically makes it a lingua franca it often some from merging two or more languages together rather than as something true to one common language Pidgins can therefore develop their own vocabulary and rules that can be very independent of the original source languages Creole A creole is an established form of pidgin where a language developed from communicating over two or more languages is taken up by a culture as a native language Aspects that make a creole different to pidgin or dialects is that it has unique rules with a full range of functions and may be taught as a mother tongue Examples of Englishdeveloped creoles include Gullah in South Carolina and Georgia and Nigerian Creole Another interesting example is Louisiana Creole which derives from French but is used by Americans so may be interspersed with English Vernacular Vernacular is the term used to describe language as it is used naturally by a specific people What it describes can therefore vary depending on what we wish to specify we could speak about the vernacular of a country or a smaller community within a city or of a certain time and place for example we have a modern vernacular which would include vocabulary that would not be part of the vernacular of for example fifty years ago Patois Patois is a term used to refer to minority nonstandard use of a language so this could cover all dialects creoles and pidgins but this carries somewhat negative connotations as it implies an inferiority Lingo Lingo is a term used to refer to any wording or phrasing that is specific to a certain group including jargon or slang see below Lingo is roughly synonymous with argot and cant both also referring to the language of specific groups Jargon Jargon is the words and phrases that emerge to cover ideas with in a specific community often when specialist terminology is required for example technical terms in a profession or sport In some cases this is necessary where specialist activities require new terminology but jargon can also be seen as negative where it is used to separate others from a conversation or to create a superior appearance as is commonly associated with business jargon 29082022 1443 Unicesumar Ensino a Distância 33 Slang Similar to jargon slang is the language that emerges within a subgroup to describe new ideas or to assign new words to existing ideas to develop a sense of identity As with jargon this can be exclusionary though while jargon typically refers to specialisms slang is more typically associated with social groups for example the language of a younger generation Extreme forms of slang may be used specifically to disguise conversation such as rhyming slang I hope youve found this useful varieties in language are fascinating areas If you are interested in the development of language and how it is used differently by different people I strongly recommend looking into different vernaculars and creoles to see how other people speak It can help to give you a stronger understanding of the rules of standard language when you see how it works when other people bend them Disponível em httpsenglishlessonsbrightoncoukdifferentlanguagevarieties Acesso em 26 de jun de 2022 Adaptado Based on information from the text write one or two paragraphs in which you a explain what language variation means b give three examples of English language varieties based on three varieties presented on the text explaining each of them briefly Your text must be written in English and contain from 140 to 180 words ALTERNATIVAS